Cohort Differences in Parental Financial Help to Adult Children

Henretta, John C.; Voorhis, Matthew F. Van; Soldo, Beth J.

doi:10.1007/s13524-018-0687-2

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When looking at support transfers made by remarried couples, parents were found to provide more support to their adult joint biological children than to adult children from previous relations (i.e., one of the parents' stepchildren), especially when it concerns the fathers' children (i.e., the mother's stepchildren; Henretta, Van Voorhis, & Soldo, ). When compared between families, mother–stepfather households provide more support than single parent or father–stepmother households (Henretta, Van Voorhis, & Soldo, ; White, ). In addition, a larger number of parents—through the addition of stepparents—has been found to be insufficient to compensate for the lower incidence of money and time transfers that were made in stepfamilies in comparison with intact families (Wiemers, Seltzer, Schoeni, Hotz, & Bianchi, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepparental Support to Adult Children: The Diverging Roles of Stepmothers and Stepfathers

Houdt

Kalmijn

Ivanova

2019

J of Marriage and Family

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Objective This study examines the support from stepparents to adult children and considers the role of the composition of the parent network, that is, the presence or absence of the biological mother or father. Background Going beyond previous research that compared the support provided by different types of parental households, this study provides deeper insights into adult stepfamily dynamics by considering support transfers on the stepparent–stepchild dyad level. Method The analyses were based on data from the Ouders en Kinderen in Nederland (Parents and Children in the Netherlands) survey, which was conducted among a stratified random sample of Dutch adults (aged 25–45) with stepparents reporting on support from each of their stepparents (N = 4,351) and biological parents (N = 5,460) separately. Results The results revealed different stories for stepmothers and stepfathers. Within‐child analyses showed that, controlled for the duration of coresidence, children received less types of support from their stepmother than from their biological mother, whereas among fathers, the stepfather provided more. When compared between children, stepmothers provided less types of support if their stepchild's biological mother was still alive, whereas stepfathers' support was unaffected by the biological father's presence. Stepparents of both genders provided less types of support if their partner (i.e., the child's biological parent) was deceased. Conclusion These findings articulate the central role of the biological mother in postseparation families and the ambiguous position of the stepmother and “widowed stepparents.”

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepparental Support to Adult Children: The Diverging Roles of Stepmothers and Stepfathers

Houdt

Kalmijn

Ivanova

2019

J of Marriage and Family

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“…Older adults may say co‐residence is a bad idea or depends because they value independence and desire to remain in their own home (Binette & Vasold, 2018), whereas younger people may be more favorable because their parents are helping them and familial reciprocity is a strong norm itself in the United States (Silverstein, 2006). In addition, partially due to the extended life course of older adults in their lives, young adults may be more likely to receive help from parents in recent years compared to previous cohorts (Henretta et al, 2018), as intergenerational transfers generally flow in a downward fashion, from parents to children, throughout the life course (Seltzer & Bianchi, 2013). Co‐residence is one form of help young adults receive and recent evidence suggests they are more likely to live with their parents and do so until older ages than in the past (Choi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐residence beliefs 1973–2018: Older adults feel differently than younger adults

Patterson

Reyes

2022

J of Marriage and Family

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Objective This brief study examines support for co‐residence (i.e., aging parents living with their adult children), and how age predicts support for this belief considering the rapidly aging US population. Background Co‐residence, a form of intergenerational transfer between family members, can help facilitate care for aging parents as well as help older adults age in the community. Support for this type of co‐residence was on the rise in the 1970s and 1980s. Method Support for co‐residence of older adults living with their adult children is estimated using 36,843 responses from the U.S. General Social Survey from 1973 to 2018. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression, and decomposition analyzes are used to test explanatory factors in trends, focusing on differences for older (age 65 and older) versus younger (under 65) respondents. Results Older adults are less supportive than younger adults of co‐residence even as support has generally increased across time. Decomposition results show that a little over half of the difference between younger and older adults is explained by cohort replacement, with two‐fifths of the difference unexplained by social or demographic factors. Conclusion Findings suggest that although cohort replacement has contributed to an attitude shift over time, important age differences in attitudes remain. Older adults are less supportive of co‐residence than younger adults.

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“…Associated increases in the numbers and proportions of older people imply an increase in the volume of help needed by those with age‐related functional limitations. Needs for assistance may also be increasing in other age groups as a result of delayed transitions to adulthood, precarious employment, and increasingly diverse and complex family life courses (Henretta et al., 2018; Lesthaeghe, 2014). For all these reasons, extending our understanding of factors associated with exchanges of support between adult children and their parents is important.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Effects Dynamic Panel Models for Unequally Spaced Multivariate Categorical Repeated Measures: An Application to Child–Parent Exchanges of Support

Steele

Grundy

2021

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics

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Exchanges of practical or financial help between people living in different households are a major component of intergenerational exchanges within families and an increasingly important source of support for individuals in need. Using longitudinal data, bivariate dynamic panel models can be applied to study the effects of changes in individual circumstances on help given to and received from non-coresident parents and the reciprocity of exchanges. However, the use of a rotating module for collection of data on exchanges leads to data where the response measurements are unequally spaced and taken less frequently than for the timevarying covariates. Existing approaches to this problem focus on fixed effects linear models for univariate continuous responses. We propose a random effects estimator for a family of dynamic panel models that can handle continuous, binary or ordinal multivariate responses. The performance of the estimator is assessed in a simulation study. A bivariate probit dynamic panel model is then applied to estimate the effects of partnership and employment transitions in the previous year and the presence and age of children in the current year on an individual's propensity to give or receive help. Annual data on respondents' partnership, employment status and dependent children, and data on exchanges of help collected at 2-and 5-year intervals are used in this study. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cohort Differences in Parental Financial Help to Adult Children

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Stepparental Support to Adult Children: The Diverging Roles of Stepmothers and Stepfathers

Stepparental Support to Adult Children: The Diverging Roles of Stepmothers and Stepfathers

Co‐residence beliefs 1973–2018: Older adults feel differently than younger adults

Random Effects Dynamic Panel Models for Unequally Spaced Multivariate Categorical Repeated Measures: An Application to Child–Parent Exchanges of Support

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