Cohort Profile: The Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation, Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study

Wang, Xuelai; Zhang, Yunting; Zhao, Jin; Shan, Wenjie; Zhang, Zichen; Wang, Guanghai; Jiang, Yanrui; Zhu, Weiming; Zhang, Donglan; He, Yonghong; Mao, Haidan; Qu, Jiajie; Zhu, Qi; Fan, Jian‐Gao

doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa279

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although the median monthly household income of the present sample was higher than the average monthly income of the general urban population (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2021 ), it is lower than the median monthly household income of Hong Kong (Census & Statistics Department, 2021 ). Further investigations showed that the median monthly household income of the present sample was similar to that of the previous studies involving urban citizens of Mainland China and Hong Kong (e.g., Cheung & Chung, 2022 ; L. Ren et al, 2020 ; X. Wang et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2021 ). A total of 71.83% of the mothers were employed full-time, 7.04% were employed part-time, and 21.13% were unemployed.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Mindful Parenting Mediated Between Mothers’ Perceived Stress During COVID-19 and Child Adjustment

Cheung

Wang

2022

Mindfulness

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Objectives Maternal stress is associated with a myriad of maladjusted outcomes among children. To identify the role of mindful parenting between mothers’ stress and child adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study tested competing hypotheses with mothers’ mindful parenting as a mediator versus a moderator. Methods A total of 172 Chinese mothers of preschool-aged children participated in this study. Participants completed a self-report measure of stress during COVID-19 and mindful parenting, as well as a mother-report measure of children’s prosocial behavior, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Structural equation models were conducted to examine the mediation versus moderation effects of mindful parenting between mothers’ stress during COVID-19 and child adjustment, after controlling for family income, children’s age, sex, and adjustment at baseline. Results Findings indicated that mindful parenting mediated the link between mothers’ stress during COVID-19 and child adjustment, including internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. A test of competing hypothesis showed that mindful parenting did not moderate between mothers’ stress during COVID-19 and child adjustment. Conclusions This study revealed the mediating effects of mindful parenting between mothers’ perceived stress during COVID-19 and child adjustment. The findings inform researchers and practitioners about mindful parenting as a potential mechanism between maternal stress and child adjustment during the pandemic.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Further investigations showed that the median monthly household income of the present sample was similar to that of the previous studies involving urban citizens of Mainland China and Hong Kong (e.g., Cheung & Chung, 2022;L. Ren et al, 2020;X. Wang et al, 2021;Yan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 86%

Mindful Parenting Mediated Between Mothers’ Perceived Stress During COVID-19 and Child Adjustment

Cheung

Wang

2022

Mindfulness

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“…Data were collected in June 2020 as part of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation‐Preschool (SCHEDULE‐P) study (Wang et al, 2021). With stratified‐random sampling, caregivers of 24,116 children at their entry of preschool responded to the consent, 99.34% of whom consented to participate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Questionnaires were completed by primary caregivers via an online platform. The detailed recruitment, screening and data collection process were reported elsewhere (Wang et al, 2021). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SCMCIRB-K2016022-01).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study

Rong

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary Sleep is vital for children's early socio‐emotional development, particularly empathy. This study aimed to explore the associations between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers. A sample of 23,259 preschoolers (4.3 ± 0.3 years) at the entry year of preschool was recruited as part of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation‐Preschool (SCHEDULE‐P) study. Caregivers reported on child sleep, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy through the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Griffith Empathy Measure. Ordinary least‐square regression and quantile regression were performed for the associations between sleep and empathy. Sex differences were also investigated. Night sleep duration was negatively associated with affective empathy (β = −0.35, p < 0.001), and positively associated with cognitive empathy (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). Longer nap duration was associated with higher affective empathy (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbances were positively associated with affective empathy (β = 0.04, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with cognitive empathy (β = −0.09, p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in children at higher empathy quantiles and also those at the 10th cognitive empathy quantile. The associations between sleep and affective empathy were mainly contributed by girls, and were more common in boys in terms of cognitive empathy, particularly at the 10th and the 30th quantiles. In conclusion, longer night sleep duration and fewer sleep disturbances are associated with a more mature empathy pattern in young preschoolers. The associations are more prominent in children at the higher end of the empathy spectrum, and vary by sex. These findings highlight the importance to promote sleep health in young children for optimal socio‐emotional development.

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“…The SCHEDULE-P was a large population-based cohort study that investigated the implications of family environment and lifestyles for the health of children aged 3 to 6 years. 25 Briefly, a randomized, stratified, 2-stage cluster sampling was adopted to select the SCHEDULE-P cohort, and more details of this process are provided in the eMethods in Supplement 1. The first stage of sampling included newly enrolled children aged 3 to 4 years in 191 randomly selected kindergartens in Shang-hai.…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of On-Screen Content and Mental Health in Kindergarten Children

Wang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceExcessive screen time has been associated with a higher risk for mental health problems, but whether the associations differ by screen content types is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the allocation of and longitudinal changes in screen exposure across different content types and to explore their associations with mental health in children aged 3 to 6 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used 3-wave, lagged generalized estimating equation models to analyze data from the Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation–Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study in Shanghai, China. The cohort was a representative sample of kindergarten children. Data were collected between November 2016 and May 2019 when children were aged 3 to 4 years (wave 1), 4 to 5 years (wave 2), and 5 to 6 years (wave 3). Data analysis was performed between June 2022 and May 2023.ExposureScreen exposure (total daily time and time with each type of content, including educational programs, entertainment programs, non–child-directed programs, electronic games, and social media) was collected when children were aged 3, 5, and 6 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMental health of children at age 3, 5, and 6 years was reported by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsOf the 15 965 children included in the representative sample, 8270 were males (51.7%) and the mean (SD) age at wave 1 was 3.73 (0.30) years. As children developed from ages 3 to 6 years, the proportion of screen exposure to educational programs (≤1 hour per day: 45.0% [95% CI, 43.5%-46.5%] to 26.8% [95% CI, 25.3%-28.3%]) and entertainment programs (≤1 hour per day: 44.4% [95% CI, 42.8%-45.9%] to 32.1% [95% CI, 30.4%-33.9%]) decreased, whereas exposure to social media increased (≤1 hour per day: 1.5% [95% CI, 1.2%-1.9%] to 27.1% [95% CI, 25.5%-28.7%]). The associations between on-screen content and mental health varied. For a given total screen time, a higher proportion of screen exposure to educational programs was associated with a lower risk for mental health problems (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90), whereas non–child-directed programs were associated with a higher risk for such problems (AOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.91-4.18). Regardless of the content, total screen time was consistently associated with mental health problems.Conclusions and relevanceResults of this study indicated that both total screen time and different types of content were associated with mental health problems in children aged 3 to 6 years. Limiting children’s screen time, prioritizing educational programs, and avoiding non–child-directed programs are recommended.

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Cohort Profile: The Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation, Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Mindful Parenting Mediated Between Mothers’ Perceived Stress During COVID-19 and Child Adjustment

Mindful Parenting Mediated Between Mothers’ Perceived Stress During COVID-19 and Child Adjustment

The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study

Types of On-Screen Content and Mental Health in Kindergarten Children

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