Rock art and astronomy may seem an obvious combination. However, this is not necessarily the case. The expression "rock art" refers to the creation, through painting or carving, of images on hard rock surfaces. It can be found in most corners of the world and has been practised consistently throughout time, with some communities still creating rock art today.The nature of rock art, usually detached from more conventional archaeological contexts, makes its study difficult and open to much debate. This is often complicated further due to the lack of firm chronologies for the motifs. In the quest to understand rock art, questions about the meaning of the symbols are common. For prehistoric rock art, the answer to this is possibly unattainable, since the sense behind the images is long lost, although possibly interwoven with later hundreds or thousands of years of stories and experiences. Whilst we may never know for sure, thinking about possible meanings helps us to reconnect with the rock art and the societies who created these patterns.Rock art imagery is usually divided into figurative and abstract types. Figurative motifs are those whose shapes we can easily recognise, such as the animal and handprint representations of Upper Palaeolithic Art. In fact, many prehistoric rock art traditions are largely based on the depiction of animals. In Europe this includes the Tagus Valley and Levantine Art in Portugal and Spain respectively, both dating to between 11,000 and 5500 BC (Domingo Sanz 2014;Gameiro et al. 2020). The painted Schematic Rock Art tradition, which can be found across an extensive territory from the Iberian Peninsula through to the Italian Piedmont, also has animal depictions in its repertoire (e.g., Defrasne et al. 2019). The rock art of Scandinavia, in both its northern and southern forms, although dated to the later period of between 5500 BC and 550 AD, is also known for its wealth of animal carvings (Goldhahn 2018). The representation of animal types in some cases reflects chronology and regional location, hence lions and mammoths in the Palaeolithic and reindeer in Scandinavia. Figurative representations become more varied in later traditions such as the Alpine Rock Art of Mont Bego (France) and Valcamonica (Italy),