Coinfection of Leishmania guyanensis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Report of a Case of Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ecuador

Calvopiña, Manuel; Aguirre, Cristina; Cevallos, William; Castillo, A.; Abbasi, Ibrahim; Warburg, Alon

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0431

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The worsening of clinical manifestations, multiple lesions and high degree of relapses post-treatment in ATL patients co-infected with HIV were previously described ( Rosatelli et al, 1998 ; Puig and Pradinaud, 2003 ; Lindoso et al, 2009 , 2016 ; Giavedoni et al, 2015 ; Calvopina et al, 2017 ). In a study of fifteen cases of AIDS/TL, Lindoso et al (2009) observed mucosal lesions progress in 80% of the patients, disseminated lesions in 60% and genital lesions in 27% of the patients.…”

Section: The Host Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Binomial Parasite-Host Immunity in the Healing Process and in Reactivation of Human Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by different species of protozoa from the Leishmania genus. Classically, the disease can be classified into two main clinical forms: Visceral (VL) and Tegumentary (TL) leishmaniasis. TL is a skin/mucosal granulomatous disease that manifests mainly as cutaneous localized or disseminated ulcers, papules diffusely distributed, mucosal lesions or atypical lesions. Once the etiology of the infection is confirmed, treatment can take place, and different drugs can be administered. It has already been shown that, even when the scar is clinically evident, inflammation is still present in the native tissue, and the decrease of the inflammatory process occurs slowly during the 1st years after clinical healing. The maintenance of residual parasites in the scar tissue is also well documented. Therefore, it is no longer a surprise that, under some circumstances, therapeutic failure and/or lesion reactivation occurs. All over the years, an impressive amount of data on relapses, treatment resistance and lesion reactivation after healing has been collected, and several factors have been pointed out as having a role in the process. Different factors such as Leishmania species, parasite variability, Leishmania RNA virus 1, parasite load, parasite persistence, age, nutritional status, gender, co-morbidities, co-infection, pregnancy, immunosuppression, lesion duration, number and localization of lesions, drug metabolism, irregular treatment and individual host cellular immune response were described and discussed in the present review. Unfortunately, despite this amount of information, a conclusive understanding remains under construction. In addition, multifactorial influence cannot be discarded. In this context, knowing why leishmaniasis has been difficult to treat and control can help the development of new approaches, such as drugs and immunotherapy in order to improve healing maintenance. In this sense, we would like to highlight some of the findings that may influence the course of Leishmania infection and the therapeutic response, with an emphasis on TL.

show abstract

Section: The Host Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Binomial Parasite-Host Immunity in the Healing Process and in Reactivation of Human Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, in contrast to DCL and CL with multiple lesions in immunosuppressed patients - which are associated with high in situ parasite load - Leishmania amastigotes are not easily found in DL lesions and the Th1 response against Leishmania antigens is preserved in DL. 3,16-19…”

Section: Immunological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Montenegro test is generally negative and the lesions exhibit a large number of amastigotes in the infiltrate. 18,19…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disseminated leishmaniasis: clinical, pathogenic, and therapeutic aspects

Machado

Prates

Machado

2019

An. Bras. Dermatol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disseminated leishmaniasis is a severe and emerging form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Disseminated leishmaniasis is defined by the presence of more than 10 polymorphic cutaneous lesions, distributed over more than two noncontiguous parts of the body. Nasal mucosal involvement is observed in almost half of cases. Disseminated leishmaniasis patients present with a decreased production of Th1 cytokines in the peripheral blood due to the attraction of leishmania- activated T cells to the multiple cutaneous lesions. Disseminated leishmaniasis development is poorly understood and is related to a complex network involving environmental, host immune response, and parasite factors, in which L. braziliensis polymorphism plays an important role. Disseminated leishmaniasis is a challenging disease to cure, presenting a high failure rate of 75% to pentavalent antimony therapy. Despite its importance and severity, this form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis has been poorly studied and documented, deserving greater attention from professionals working in endemic areas.

show abstract

“…Leishmania sp. occurs in a wide range of hosts [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], including human [ 89 ] and non-human primates [ 48 ]. In NHPs, experimental [ 90 ] and natural infections [ 91 ] have been registered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.

show abstract

Coinfection of Leishmania guyanensis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Report of a Case of Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ecuador

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

The Binomial Parasite-Host Immunity in the Healing Process and in Reactivation of Human Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

The Binomial Parasite-Host Immunity in the Healing Process and in Reactivation of Human Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Disseminated leishmaniasis: clinical, pathogenic, and therapeutic aspects

Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About