Coinfection of pulmonary lophomoniasis, tuberculosis, and hydatid cyst in a pediatric autism patient: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Although research on the link between ASD and parasitic diseases is limited, immune deficiency and inflammation may contribute to the development of parasitic infections. Case report We admitted a 14-year-old boy to the hospital who had a known history of ASD because he was presenting with respiratory symptoms, including cough and hemoptysis. During his time in the hospital, after conducting a series of tests and evaluations, we made a critical diagnosis of co-infection of lophomonas, tuberculosis, and hydatid cyst. In response to this diagnosis, we initiated a treatment plan that involved administering appropriate antibiotics as well as preparing for surgical intervention. Conclusion This case report highlights the complexities and challenges of managing such a rare combination of co-infections with TB, pulmonary hydatid disease and lophomonas in a pediatric patient with underlying developmental considerations such as ASD.