Cointegration Between Carbon Emission, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption: A Comparative Study on Georgia and Turkey

Abstract

Energy is one of the most significant tools in the economic development of the countries. The energy required for the economic activities is derived from fossil-based sources that emit intense carbon dioxide. In today's world, carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth are issues of interest for all countries that want to continue growing by establishing a balance between energy and carbon emissions because these fuels cause global warming due to climate change This brief research investigates the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth using data between the years 1997-2014 period for Turkish and Georgian economies. Panel data cointegration tests are carried to analyze the relationship between the variables. The overall findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables for the Georgian and Turkish economies. Moreover, the tests results are consistent with the general assumption of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis.

The Relationship Between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in EU Countries: A Cointegration Analysis

“…If we analyse the results of the panel unit root in the first differences, the null hypothesis could be rejected, and the results indicate that all the panels are stationary. Our findings are consistent with the work of Bastola and Sapkota (2014), Mitić et al (2017), Gün (2019), andArouri et al (2012), which reveal similar results, the same variables not being stationary at the level but stationary at first difference. From Table 3, we find that the economic growth and growth in emissions go hand in hand and the variables are cointegrated and are moving together in the long run.…”

“…The Unit Root Test of Carbon Emission Variable (CO 2 ) reveals similar results, as Levin, Lin & Chu, Im, Pesaran and Shin, ADF-Fisher Chi-square and PP-Fisher Chi-square show non-stationarity in levels and stationarity in differences. The overview of the results is validated by literature background, studies such as those employed by Gün (2019), Mitić et al (2017), Bastola and Sapkota (2014), Arouri et al (2012), revealing similar results, the same variables not being stationary at the level but stationary at first difference. Once we established that both variables are stationary, we conduct panel cointegration tests and we focus on empirical analysis of the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and economic growth.…”

Rethinking Economic Growth Policies in the Context of Sustainability: Panel Data Analysis on Pollution as an Effect of Economic Development in EU Countries

“…Hence, directing attention towards alternative energy sources could prove to be a successful strategy in reducing the adverse effects of climate change and safeguarding the environment, all while ensuring the nation's sustained economic development. Similar results were observed by studying the economies of Turkey and Georgia [67]. The main finding of this analysis is that there is a significant correlation among carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in both the Turkish and Georgian economies.…”

Kamu Yönetim Etkinliği ve Yolsuzluğun Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: E7 Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Analiz

“…H0: = 0 kabul edilirse serinin birim kök içerdiği ve durağan olmadığı, reddedilirse serinin birim kök içermediği ve durağan olduğu anlaşılır. Seri birim kök içerdiğinde serinin farkı alınarak durağan hale gelmiş olur [45][46][47][48]. Massawe ise [24], ve Özşahin'in [27] çalışmaları ile benzer sonuçlara ulaşıldığı anlaşılmıştır.…”