Coke Formation in Catalytic Cracking

Appleby, W. G.; Gibson, Jane Whitney; Good, G. M.

doi:10.1021/i260002a006

Cited by 153 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the order of reactivity for coke formation is clearly structure dependent, i.e., decreases in the order polynuclear aromatics > aromatics > olefins > branched alkanes > normal alkanes. For example, the weight percent coke formed on silica-alumina at 500 °C is 0.06, 3.8, 12.5, and 23% for benzene, naphthalene, fluoranthene, and anthracene respectively [83].…”

Section: Coke Formation On Metal Oxide and Sulfide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

2015

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Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation types is reviewed in detail with reference to the latest literature reports in these areas. Two case studies on the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts used for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch and selective catalytic reduction are considered to provide additional depth in the topics of sintering, coking, poisoning, and fouling. Regeneration considerations and options are also briefly discussed for each deactivation mechanism.

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Section: Coke Formation On Metal Oxide and Sulfide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

2015

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“…These results indicate that phosphate impregnation of MCM-68 catalyst could improve the tolerance for coke deposition during the DTO reaction. Coke, which should be considered as a mixture of hydrogen deficient residues, originates mainly from aromatics 57) , so the aromatization and hydrogen transfer reactions are highly important contributors to coke deposition. The enhanced durability to coke deposition during DTO reaction over P/MCM-68(60) is probably due to the decrease in number of stronger Lewis acid sites, which take part in the formation of aromatics from the conversion of dimethyl ether 52) .…”

Section: 2 Effect Of Phosphate Modification Of Mcm-68 On Dto Reacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Production of Light Olefins over MSE-type Zeolite Catalyst

Han

Park

Inagaki

et al. 2017

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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“…The strength of the interaction of coke precursors with the catalyst depends on the properties of the catalyst surface and the structure of the coke precursor. Coking increases with increasing acidity of the catalyst surface 11) . In addition, the coke precursors in the original feed can be formed during the process if sufficient active hydrogen is not supplied 6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Activity and Stability of Zinc and Phosphorus Modified NiMo/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst for Residue Hydrodesulfurization

伸昌

慶洋

睦美

et al. 2013

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Conversion of heavy oil to added-value lighter fractions is very important. One conversion method is hydrotreatment of heavier residues in the hydroprocessing unit followed by cracking in the FCC or RFCC unit. However, if heavier residues are treated with the same catalyst under the same process conditions, the sulfur contents in the product oil will increase, so higher temperatures will be required to maintain constant sulfur in the product oil. This higher temperature also results in shorter catalyst life. This study developed zinc and phosphorus modified NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst which is resistant to deactivation by coke deposition. The effect of zinc on the suppression of deactivation rate was remarkable in the catalyst containing phosphorus in this study. IR spectroscopy showed that the coexistence of zinc with phosphorus inhibited the increase of acidic hydroxyls and the addition of phosphorus increased acidic alumina hydroxyls, leading to lower coke deposition on the zinc and phosphorus modified NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst. Zinc and phosphorus modified NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst also showed less deactivation and higher hydrodesulfurization activity in the middle period of the bench plant test. These results were well-consistent with catalyst performance in the commercial plant.

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Coke Formation in Catalytic Cracking

Cited by 153 publications

References 6 publications

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

Selective Production of Light Olefins over MSE-type Zeolite Catalyst

Activity and Stability of Zinc and Phosphorus Modified NiMo/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst for Residue Hydrodesulfurization

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