Cola beverage consumption delays alveolar bone healing: a histometric study in rats

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have suggested that cola beverage consumption may affect bone metabolism and increase bone fracture risk. Experimental evidence linking cola beverage consumption to deleterious effects on bone is lacking. Herein, we investigated whether cola beverage consumption from weaning to early puberty delays the rate of reparative bone formation inside the socket of an extracted tooth in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats received cola beverage (cola group) or tap water (control group) ad libitum from the age of 23 days until tooth extraction at 42 days and euthanasia 2 and 3 weeks later. The neoformed bone volume inside the alveolar socket was estimated in semi-serial longitudinal sections using a quantitative differential point-counting method. Histological examination suggested a decrease in the osteogenic process within the tooth sockets of rats from both cola groups, which had thinner and sparser new bone trabeculae. Histometric data confirmed that alveolar bone healing was significantly delayed in cola-fed rats at three weeks after tooth extraction (ANOVA, p = 0.0006, followed by Tukey's test, p < 0.01). Although the results of studies in rats cannot be extrapolated directly to human clinical dentistry, the present study provides evidence that cola beverage consumption negatively affect maxillary bone formation.

Chronic effects of soft drink consumption on the health state of Wistar rats: A biochemical, genetic and histopathological study

“…Of interest, the changes reported in the expression levels of AT-1 and AGT were due to changes in oxidative stress and renal injuries resulting from SDC, as confirmed by renal congestion. Bone is the most examined organ affected histopathologically due to minerals metabolism disorder, as reported in the present and other previous studies ( 16 , 18 , 26 , 27 ). The kidney and liver histopathological alterations reported are moderate degenerative changes, which resulted in the changes in gene expression of both the kidney and liver.…”

“…Additionally, SDC is notbaly associated with kidney health and a high risk of kidney stone formation ( 10 , 11 ). SDC cause s bone fracture, disruption in bone formation, affects serum or urinary calcium metabolism markers and hypocalcemia, both in clinical and experimental settings ( 4 , 12 – 16 ). However, no significant association between SDC and the reduction of bone mineral density were reported in previous studies ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Optimization of Bone Health in Children before and after Renal Transplantation: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

“…The intake of cola beverages has been linked with decreased BMD and increased fracture risk in the pediatric population, and with increased risk of osteoporosis in adult women. In animal studies, cola-fed rats displayed decreased osteogenesis, delayed bone formation, and thinner trabecule compared with controls (81). Possible contributors to the deleterious effects of excess cola consumption on bone may include the replacement of more nutrient-rich foods and beverages in the diet by cola, reduction of vitamin D synthesis and calcium absorption by the phosphoric acid in the cola, and/or accelerated bone resorption induced by the acid load of the cola.…”

Associations between cola consumption and bone mineral density in Korean adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008–2011

“…Several studies of children and young adults have also proposed that consumption of carbonated soft drinks is associated with low BMD (5,6) and even increased risk of fractures (7,8) . In one experimental study, a significant delay in alveolar bone formation was observed in cola consuming rats (9) . Furthermore, colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are related to low BMD in older women (10) or increased upper limb fractures in children (11) .…”