Cold Agglutinins (Autohemagglutinins) in Primary Atypical Pneumonias

Peterson, Osler L.; Ham, Thomas Hale; Finland, Maxwell

doi:10.1126/science.97.2511.167

Cited by 153 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The original and independent observations of Peterson, Ham, and Finland (1943) and of Turner (1943) suggested that an increase in these antibodies was peculiar to primary atypical pneumonia among respiratory infections, and subsequent work by these and other investigkators largely confirmed this.…”

Section: Cold Agglutininsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Primary Atypical Pneumonia

1945

The Lancet

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Section: Cold Agglutininsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Primary Atypical Pneumonia

1945

The Lancet

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“…The present paper is concerned solely with an analysis of the results of the tests for cold isohemagglutinins in 200 cases with characteristic clinical and x-ray findings of atypical pneumonia. A preliminary report of some of these findings has already been published (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Cold Agglutinins. Ii. Cold Isohemagglutinins in Primary Atypical Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology With a Note on the Occurrence of Hemolytic Anemia in These Cases

Finland¹,

Peterson²,

Allen³

et al. 1945

J. Clin. Invest.

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In the preceding paper ( 1), there was presented a summary of the maximum titers of cold agglutinins found in 1069 cases of a variety of conditions, including the various infections of the respiratory tract that are commonly encountered in this vicinity. Significant titers (in dilutions greater than 20) were Methods. The method used in the tests for cold agglutins was given in detail in the preceding paper (1). For the present study, the specimens of venous blood were all collected under sterile precautions and the serum was separated from the clotted blood, either at room tempera-1 Hereafter referred to for brevity as "atypical pneumonia." ture or, more often, after the blood had been kept at 370 C. for a short while. The cleared sera were stored in rubber stoppered tubes at 5 to 100 C. Specimens, averaging 3 per patient, were obtained at suitable intervals. The tests were carried out either on the day when the blood was obtained or within a few days. Equal volumes of serum and 2 per cent saline suspensions of 2-to 4-day-old red blood cells from individual group 0 donors were used. The titers are recorded as the reciprocals of the highest final dilutions of serum giving 1 + agglutination at 0 to 50 C. and complete dispersion at 370 C. RESULTSThe conditions under which the present cases were studied unfortunately did not permit frequent observations throughout the entire course of the acute illness and prolonged observations during convalescence in every instance. Data concerning certain of the features to be considered are, therefore, based on limited numbers of cases. In the analysis which follows, the time relationships are referred to the day of onset of symptoms. In most of the cases, this could be ascertained quite accurately, but, in a few instances, it was only approximated. Time of appearance, decline, and disappearanceThe first postitive tests ( Figure 1A) were observed between the seventh and twenty-seventh days, but mostly during the second or third week. The last negative tests in the same cases were obtained before the end of the second week in all but 2 of them. The maximum titers (Figure 2) occurred mostly between the eleventh and twentyfourth days. There were a number of cases, however, in which the maximum titers were not attained until the fifth week or later, and in 4 cases, maximum titers of 40 to 160 were observed between the fourth and eighth days and lower titers obtained later. There was no definite correlation between the maximum titers and the time 458

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“…4 Blood was collected in some cases as soon s The possibility of immunological reactions between human serums from different individuals has been indicated in various published reports (9)(10)(11). 4 We are indebted to Miss M. Dorthy Beck of the Bureau of Epidemiology, California State Department of Public Health, for obtaining some of the specimens from civilian cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently the existence of heterogenetic antigen-antibody phenomena in primary atypical pneumonia has been suggested by the discovery in this disease of cold agglutinins (4,5) and associated, but ill defined, heterogenetic antibodies reactive with certain animal tissues (6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogenetic Antibodies in Acute Hepatitis

Eaton

Murphy

Hanford

1944

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Preliminary observations (1) on serums from cases of acute hepatitis following yellow fever vaccination have indicated the existence of an "antigen" in acute-phase serums which precipitates with an "antibody" in serums obtained during convalescence? This phenomenon resembles in its general aspects the serum antigen-antibody reaction which was observed by Hughes (2) in yellow fever. Since the latter author attributed the reaction to a product of liver damage rather than to a specific antigenic component of the causative virus, it seemed likely that a similar liver damage reaction might occur in acute infective hepatitis. In view of this possibility, complement fixation tests were done with various samples of fiver tissue. The investigation showed that serums from certain cases of acute hepatitis fixed complement with saline extracts of liver from fatal cases of this disease, but that positive reactions of equal intensity and frequency were obtained when the same serums were tested with normal human liver tissue.Another aspect of serological reactions in acute hepatitis was suggested by the observations that serums from these cases often showed slightly higher titers of agglutinins for sheep ceils than did normal serums. 2 The possibility of a heterophile reaction analogous to that found in infectious mononucleosis (3) was considered. Heterogenetic antibodies have also been described in serum sickness (8), and the occurrence of urticaria and arthralgia in certain cases of acute hepatitis suggested the possible association of immunological * The studies and observations reported in this paper were initiated

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Cold Agglutinins (Autohemagglutinins) in Primary Atypical Pneumonias

Cited by 153 publications

References 3 publications

Primary Atypical Pneumonia

Primary Atypical Pneumonia

Cold Agglutinins. Ii. Cold Isohemagglutinins in Primary Atypical Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology With a Note on the Occurrence of Hemolytic Anemia in These Cases

Heterogenetic Antibodies in Acute Hepatitis

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