Cold atmospheric plasma modification of curcumin loaded in tri‐phosphate chitosan nanoparticles enhanced breast cancer cells apoptosis

Abstract

The anti-cancer mechanisms of curcumin have been reported to include suppressions of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. The main goal of this research is to increase the solubility of curcumin by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and assess the effects of modified curcumin by charging with tri-polyphosphate chitosan nanoparticles for MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and human fibroblast cells. Curcumin modification was done by CAP and its solubility was evaluated by spectrophotometry. After loading modified curcumin into nano-chitosan-TPP, nanocurcumin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cellular viability and apoptosis of treated cells were assessed by MTT and Annexin V. The changes of messenger RNA expression of TP5353 and VEGF genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. CAP was able to transform the curcumin to possess hydrophilic characteristics after 90 seconds. The mean diameter of Curcumin loaded chitosannanoparticles (NPs) were determined as 48 nm. MTT results showed that the IC 50 of nano Cur-chitosan-TPP was effectively decreased compared to free curcumin in MCF-7 (15 μg/mL at 72 hours vs 20 μg/mL at 48 hours). Additionally, nano Cur-chitosan-TPP had no significant effect on normal cells (Human dermal fibroblas: HDF), whereas it also decreased the viability of triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Realtime PCR results showed that expression level of TP53 gene was upregulated (P = .000), whereas VEGF gene downregulated (P = .000) in treated MCF-7 cells. Curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles have led to an induction of apoptosis (79.93%) and cell cycle arrest (at S and G2M). Modified-curcumin-tri-polyphosphate chitosan nanoparticles using CAP can be considered as a proper candidate for breast cancer treatment.

Combination effect of cold atmospheric plasma with green synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the treatment of melanoma cancer model

“…Recently, several reports have been published on the effectiveness of the combined use of CAP and nanoparticles on cancer [23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, there was no study carried out to investigate the effect of nZVI and CAP on metabolic activity and apoptosis of cancer cells.…”

Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma and free or liposomal doxorubicin on melanoma cells

“…In most of the previous studies in which NPs and CAP synergism has been explored, when metallic NPs, not loaded with any drug, were considered (such as gold NPs 25 , 28 , silver NPs 27 and iron NPs 61 , 62 ), CAP was found to enhance the activities acquired by NPs (when used) alone. In one report where curcumin-loaded NPs were used, CAP was applied as a practical approach to improve the aqueous solubility of curcumin during preparation of tri-phosphate chitosan nanoparticles TPP-NPs 26 . Curcumin TPP-NPs were not used in combination with CAP in the reported cell viability studies.…”

Effects of Nitro-Oxidative Stress on Biomolecules: Part 1—Non-Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

“…Experimental studies have revealed that certain types of cancer cells are more susceptible to CAP treatment and oxidative damage compared to normal cells [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], although the reported selectivity depends on cell type and culture medium [ 24 ]. CAP exhibits therapeutic potential against various types of cancer [ 25 ], including hepatocellular carcinoma [ 26 ], lung carcinoma [ 27 ], breast cancer [ 28 ], melanoma [ 18 ], glioblastoma [ 29 ], pancreatic cancer [ 30 ], and head and neck cancer [ 31 ]. Intracellular RONS levels induced by CAP treatment in cancer therapies can cause irreversible damage to cellular components, particularly proteins, lipids, and DNA, ultimately leading to tumor cell death [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”