Cold Atmospheric Plasma, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibitor: Effects Investigation on an Experimental Model on Rats

Abstract

The evolution of reconstructive methods for defects of the human body cannot yet replace the use of flap surgery. Research is still preoccupied with the ideal techniques for offering the best chances of survival of the flaps. In our study, we investigated the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injectable solutions on flap survival using an in vivo model. Twenty-four Wistar rats (four groups) had the McFarlane flap raised and CAP, L-NAME, and PRP substances tested through a single dose subcutaneous injection. The control group had only a saline solution injected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated a CAP activated solution through injection on flaps. The flap survival rate was determined by clinical examination (photography documented), hematology, thermography, and anatomopathological tests. The image digital analysis performed on the flaps showed that the necrosis area (control—49.64%) was significantly lower for the groups with the three investigated solutions: CAP (14.47%), L-NAME (18.2%), and PRP (23.85%). Thermography exploration revealed less ischemia than the control group on the CAP, L-NAME, and PRP groups as well. Anatomopathological data noted the best degree of angiogenesis on the CAP group, with similar findings on the L-NAME and PRP treated flaps. The blood work did not indicate infection or a strong inflammatory process in any of the subjects. Overall, the study shows that the CAP activated solution has a similar (better) impact on the necrosis rate (compared with other solutions with known effects) when injected on the modified dorsal rat skin flap, and on top of that it can be obtained fast, in unlimited quantities, non-invasively, and through a standardized process.

Natural polymers used in the dressing materials for wound healing: Past, present and future

“…Additionally, it can be manufactured quickly, indefinitely, non-invasively, and using a conventional technique. 219 There is limited research data available on smart dressings in the worldwide so, this could also emerge as a promising field of research in the future. The technological advancement in upcoming smart dressings can indeed help in wound care and real-time diagnosis.…”

“…Their results showed that it has a greater influence on the rate of necrosis in comparison to those other solutions having noted effects. Additionally, it can be manufactured quickly, indefinitely, non‐invasively, and using a conventional technique 219 …”

Optimization of Indirect CAP Exposure as an Effective Osteosarcoma Cells Treatment with Cytotoxic Effects

“…The HVE consists of four stainless steel cylindrical subunits, each with a 14 mm diameter interconnected by a copper plate. The GE electrode is represented by a copper plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm, covered with a 0.1 mm thick dielectric layer [62,63]. In order to expose the medium to CAP discharges and to create the PAM, 24 well flat-bottomed cell culture plates (cat.…”

Technological approaches applied in the design of gluten-free bakery products

“…Cold atmospheric plasma treatment methods. Plasma is the fourth aggregate state of matter, after solid, liquid, and gaseous, composed of free photons, ions and electrons, and atoms in their ground states or excited with a net neutral charge (Chaple et al 2020;Caba et al 2022). Cold atmospheric plasma has emerged as a new, non-thermal processing technology with proven efficacy in microbial inactivation and extending the product's shelf life (Chaple et al 2020).…”