Cold Damping of an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle to Microkelvin Temperatures

Tebbenjohanns, Felix; Frimmer, Martin; Militaru, Andrei; Jain, Vijay Kumar; Novotny, Lukas

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.223601

Cited by 169 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Levitated nanoparticles are extremely well isolated from their environment, opening up the possibility for very long decoherence times and ground state cooling in room temperature conditions. Indeed, optically levitated silica particles have had their centerof-mass motion cooled to millikelvin [11][12][13][14] and sub-millikelvin [15,16] temperatures, whereas nanodiamonds [17,18] have been used for spin coupling experiments [19,20]. Other levitation mechanisms, such as Paul traps [21], hybrid electro-optical traps [22], and magnetic traps [23][24][25] have also been proposed as candidates for preparing macroscopic quantum states [26][27][28] and testing spontaneous collapse models [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, cooling the motion of charged nanoparticles by applying an electric field which is at the same frequency of the particle's motion has been demonstrated [16,37] and implemented with optimal control protocols [38] for optical traps, as well as proposed for electrical traps [26]. A charged needle, placed in the vacuum chamber close to the laser focus, has been used for force sensing applications [39] and investigations of Fano resonances [40] in levitated optomechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal control for feedback cooling in cavityless levitated optomechanics

et al. 2019

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We consider feedback cooling in a cavityless levitated optomechanics setup, and we investigate the possibility to improve the feedback implementation. We apply optimal control theory to derive the optimal feedback signal both for quadratic (parametric) and linear (electric) feedback. We numerically compare optimal feedback against the typical feedback implementation used for experiments. In order to do so, we implement a state estimation scheme that takes into account the modulation of the laser intensity. We show that such an implementation allows us to increase the feedback strength, leading to faster cooling rates and lower center-of-mass temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal control for feedback cooling in cavityless levitated optomechanics

et al. 2019

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“…Recent developments in levitated optomechanics provide a new paradigm for sensing and precision measurements [12][13][14]. Recently, the center-of-mass (COM) motion of an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum was cooled to microkelvin temperatures [15]. Experimental control of the rotation [16][17][18][19][20][21], torsional vibration [18,22], and precession [23] of a levitated nanoparticle in vacuum have also been demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive torque detection with an optically levitated nanorotor

Ahn¹,

Xu²,

Bang³

et al. 2020

Nat. Nanotechnol.

229

180

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Torque sensors such as the torsion balance enabled the first determination of the gravitational constant by Cavendish [1] and the discovery of Coulomb's law. Torque sensors are also widely used in studying small-scale magnetism [2,3], the Casimir effect [4], and other applications [5]. Great effort has been made to improve the torque detection sensitivity by nanofabrication and cryogenic cooling. The most sensitive nanofabricated torque sensor has achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 10 −24 Nm/ √Hz at millikelvin temperatures in a dilution refrigerator [6]. Here we dramatically improve the torque detection sensitivity by developing an ultrasensitive torque sensor with an optically levitated nanorotor in vacuum. We measure a torque as small as (1.2±0.5)×10 −27 Nm in 100 seconds at room temperature. Our system does not require complex nanofabrication or cryogenic cooling. Moreover, we drive a nanoparticle to rotate at a record high speed beyond 5 GHz (300 billion rpm). Our calculations show that this system will be able to detect the long-sought vacuum friction [7-10] near a surface under realistic conditions. The optically levitated nanorotor will also have applications in studying nanoscale magnetism [2,3] and quantum geometric phase [11].

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“…This can for example be utilized towards high-precision sensing applications. Different techniques have been employed among which two stand out: cavity resolved sideband cooling (or cavity-assisted cooling) [13][14][15][16][17] and feedback-aided cooling (in particular the cold-damping technique) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. As mechanical resonators typically exhibit a large number of vibrations, cooling of a single mode leaves the overall temperature of the object largely unaltered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Optomechanical Refrigeration via Multimode Cold-Damping Feedback

Sommer

Genes

2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We provide a fully analytical treatment for the partial refrigeration of the thermal motion of a quantum mechanical resonator under the action of feedback. As opposed to standard cavity optomechanics where the aim is to isolate and cool a single mechanical mode while the object's overall temperature is largely unaltered, the aim here is to simultaneously extract the thermal energy from many of its vibrational modes. We consider a standard cold-damping technique where homodyne read-out of the cavity output field is fed into a feedback loop that provides a cooling action directly applied on the mechanical resonator. Analytical and numerical results predict that low final occupancies are achievable independently on the number of modes addressed by the feedback as long as the cooling rate is smaller than the intermode frequency separation. For resonators exhibiting nearly degenerate pairs of modes cooling is less efficient and a weak dependence on the number of modes is obtained. These scalings hint towards the design of frequency resolved mechanical resonators where efficient refrigeration is possible via simultaneous cold-damping feedback. arXiv:1908.07348v1 [quant-ph]

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Cold Damping of an Optically Levitated Nanoparticle to Microkelvin Temperatures

Cited by 169 publications

References 47 publications

Optimal control for feedback cooling in cavityless levitated optomechanics

Optimal control for feedback cooling in cavityless levitated optomechanics

Ultrasensitive torque detection with an optically levitated nanorotor

Partial Optomechanical Refrigeration via Multimode Cold-Damping Feedback

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