Cold Flow Behavior of Biodiesels Derived from Biomass Sources

Abstract

Biodiesel is produced in the United States to D 6751, an ASTM standard. The source material in this fledgling industry in the U.S. is primarily soy oil, though other sources such as canola oil, waste oils, and greases from food and other sources are beginning to be exploited. At present, the referenced ASTM standard does not specify cloud and pour points values that are much higher for biodiesel than diesel derived from petroleum but allows them to be specified by the customer. There can be significant variation in these values, depending on the nature of the source material used to produce biodiesel, all of which meet the ASTM standards. This has the potential to create problems in applications as the quality of the biodiesel produced could vary widely. This study focused on quantitative measurements of cloud points of blends of biodiesel made from different sources. A correlation of these measurements with the saturated components was developed and was shown to correlate data reported in the literature as well.

Biodistillate Transportation Fuels 1. Production and Properties

“…Several researchers have developed predictive models for CP, based upon these thermodynamic relationships. (147,148,143) In general, these models show good agreement with laboratory measurements. Small amounts of impurities in biodiesel can significantly affect CP.…”

Biodiesel production from tung (Vernicia montana) oil and its blending properties in different fatty acid compositions

“…(1), the major change in the CFPP was mainly attributed to the influence of the MP content. It is because the CFPP of a biodiesel is determined by the amount of saturated FAMEs regardless of the unsaturated FAME content (Krishna et al, 2007;Knothe, 2008). Furthermore, the density decreased and increased with the enrichment of the MP and ME, respectively (Eq.…”

Chemical Conversion of Glycerol from Biodiesel into Products for Environmental and Technological Applications

“…Transesterification (Figure 1) is the reaction of triglycerides with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol (Chiang et al, 2007;Georgogianni et al, 2007;Krishna et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2007;Talukder et al, 2007;Aparício et al, 2007;Zuhair, 2005;Vicente et al, 2005;Medeiros et al, 2008;Stern & Hillion, 1990;Freedman et al, 1984;Encinar et al, 2002;Vicente et al, 2006;Bunyakiat et al, 2006;Karinen & Krause, 2006). This process decreases the viscosity of the oil and transforms the large, branched molecular structure of bio-oils into smaller molecules, of type required in regular diesel engines.…”

“…The biodiesel production will produce a large increase in, the amount of glycerol in the market, causing a decrease in the prices significantly, in the world. In the European Union, for example, the price of glycerol, in 1995 was € 1500 t -1 and reduced to 330 € t -1 in 2006 (Puhan et al, 2005 (Davis et al, 2000;Pachauri & He, 2006;Krishna et al, 2007) and even suntan lotion (Kimura, 1993). The products of oligomerization of glycerol can be used as additives for cosmetics and foods, the raw material for resins and foams (Shenoy , 2006;Lemke, 2003;Werpy, 2004;Pagliaro & Rossi, 2008), lubricants (Pagliaro & Rossi, 2008), cement additives (retains moisture) and are synthetic intermediates and possible substitutes of polyols, e.g.…”