Cold-formed steel ledger-framed construction floor-to-wall connection behavior and strength

Semi-rigid floor-to-wall connections using side-framed lightweight steel structures: Concept development

“…The floor-to-wall connections are generally categorised as simply supported designed to transfer shear or bearing forces to the wall frame [1][2]. The design of the joisted floors is generally dominated by the mid-span deflection serviceability limit state leading to relatively heavy flooring joists [1][2][3].…”

“…In recently completed experiments on ledger-framed LSF floor-to-wall connections [3] comprising floor joists connected to the face of the wall studs, various types of premature local failure limit states have been identified in the components of the floor-to-wall connections. These include ledger flange buckling, stud web crippling, and fastener pull-out, which were identified as the dominant ultimate limit states [2].…”

“…These occur primarily due to the imposed eccentricity and the consequential out-of-plane actions within the floor-to-wall connection associated with the positioning of a single flooring joist relative to the location of adjacent wall studs. The identified limit states, which are not included in the current design practice, can compromise the gravity loadbearing system under extreme loading conditions [3]. To mitigate these failure limit states, a recommendation is to increase the stud thickness matching or greater than the joist thickness [3].…”

“…The identified limit states, which are not included in the current design practice, can compromise the gravity loadbearing system under extreme loading conditions [3]. To mitigate these failure limit states, a recommendation is to increase the stud thickness matching or greater than the joist thickness [3]. This approach, however, can lead to an overly conservative design with a significant portion of underutilised strength of the stud sections.…”

Human-induced vibration of cold-formed steel floor systems: Parametric studies

“…In addition, current CFS framing systems such as platform framing, balloon framing and ledger framing are not simple support systems. A degree of rotational restraint at ends of floor joists is presented due to the gravity loads from upper storeys and floor-to-wall fixtures (Ayhan and Schafer, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019a). Such restraints at in situ conditions of floors have a considerable influence on their dynamic properties (Xu et al, 2018).…”