Cold Hardiness in Citrus

Yelenosky, George

doi:10.1002/9781118060735.ch5

Cited by 24 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Rootstocks are known to affect canopy development, disease incidence and cold hardiness. Interactions between rootstocks and scions are through exchange of resources and via hormonal messengers (Yelenosky 1985;Jensen et al 2003;Nesbitt et al 2002). The signaling process from rootstock to cellular responses in scion is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signaling process from rootstock to cellular responses in scion is still poorly understood. It is clear that the Poncirus rootstock did exert a significant effect on gene expression of the Satsuma scion, in many instances, even though only small to moderate changes in frost hardiness can be expected due to differences in rootstock (Yelenosky 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satsuma mandarins are usually grafted onto a cold-hardy rootstock, Poncirus trifoliata, which can withstand temperatures as low as -26°C when cold-acclimated. Even though only small to moderate changes in cold hardiness can be expected (Yelenosky 1985), rootstocks do provide fruit growers with a tool to manipulate disease resistance, vigor, performance, and cold hardiness. Effects on tree size, precocity, fruit production, and maturity are achieved through a complex interrelationship between roots and canopy of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of grafting on cold responsive gene expression in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

Huang

Dane

2010

Euphytica

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The major limitation preventing the expansion of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) production in the Gulf Coast regions of the US is the risk of freeze damage. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf has been widely used as a cold hardy rootstock for citrus production in freeze-prone environments. In this study, relative quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to study cold responsive genes in Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu), C. unshiu grafted on P. trifoliata rootstock and P. trifoliata following exposure to cold shock or cold acclimation treatments. Major changes in gene expression occurred in the different species during cold stress especially with respect to nitrate transporter, auxin responsive GH3, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase. Very high levels of nitrate transporter were reached early in Poncirus following 60 h of cold shock treatment at 4°C, and in C. unshiu after 3 weeks of gradual cold acclimation. Also, high levels of auxin responsive GH3 were reached in Poncirus following both cold shock and cold acclimation, while levels in C. unshiu were low or reduced. Poncirus rootstock significantly affected gene expression in C. unshiu scion, resulting in a reduction of nitrate transporter, UGT and trehalose 6-phosphate synthase expression levels, and an increase in auxin responsive GH3 gene during cold acclimation. The impact of rootstock on citrus scion during cold stress might be associated with partitioning of nutrients and hormones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of grafting on cold responsive gene expression in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

Huang

Dane

2010

Euphytica

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“…Trifoliate orange is deciduous, having a distinct dormant season in winter, and when used as a rootstock, is associated with reduced freeze injury (Swingle, 1909). Even though satsumas grafted onto trifoliate orange rootstock are perhaps the most freeze-tolerant commercial citrus (Yelenosky, 1985), freeze injury was always a concern, and citrus growers were advised to not rely on satsuma production alone in the early days of this developing industry (Williams, 1911). Many of the large groves were initially planted with satsumas interspaced with pecans, particularly in Alabama (Fig.…”

Section: Production Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Gulf Coast Citrus

Spiers

Jenda

Farrell

2017

horts

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Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi are not often thought of as citrus-producing states. However, citrus has been grown in the coastal regions of these states since the late 19th century. With a climate cool enough for a suitable amount of acid to remain in the fruit for optimum flavor and for adequate peel color development, the northern coastal fringe of the Gulf of Mexico from Louisiana to northwestern Florida is particularly well suited for production of the satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), one of the most cold-hardy commercial citrus species. There were once thousands of hectares of satsumas planted in this region. Although satsumas typically reach optimum eating quality before fall freezes along the Gulf Coast, periodic severe freezes, as well as the occasional hurricane, prevented a citrus industry of this magnitude from remaining viable. Though freeze injury remains the primary limiting factor for citrus production in this region, there is great local interest, and a small industry focused on local markets has endured. Satsuma remains the primary citrus grown along the Gulf Coast region, though sweet oranges account for a large portion of citrus sales in Louisiana. This paper reviews the history of satsumas on the Gulf Coast, covering past and present production, cultivation, freeze protection strategies, pest issues, and marketing.

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“…], which can withstand temperatures as low as -26°C after being acclimated (Yelenosky 1985). Thus, identification of genes regulating cold acclimation from trifoliate orange is very useful for breeding cold-resistant citrus crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of PtrHOS1, a novel gene of cold responses from trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]

Liu

Wang

et al. 2009

Acta Physiol Plant

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High expression of osmotically responsive genes 1 (HOS1) encodes an ubiquitin E3 ligase that promotes the degradation of transcription factor Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1). Inactivation of ICE1 reduces CBF-induced activation of many cold-responsive genes, and thus, HOS1 act as a negative regulator of coldresponsive genes. In this paper, a novel HOS1 gene, designated PtrHOS1 (Genebank accession number FJ844367), was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR from trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The full length of PtrHOS1 is 3,434 bp with an open reading frame of 2,922 bp, encoding a protein of 974 amino acids with a molecular weight of 110.2 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. Sequence alignment showed that PtrHOS1 protein had a conserved RING finger domain in its Nterminal region and shared high identity with other plant species HOS1-like proteins. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that PtrHOS1 could be constitutively expressed at high levels in leaves, stems and roots. Interestingly, the PtrHOS1 expression had a declined period in leaves, stems and roots after cold and ABA treatments, which suggested that the PtrHOS1 expression was down regulated both by cold and ABA. Moreover, the decline was first occurred in leaves (30 min), followed with stems (2 h) and roots (4 h) after cold treatments. These results probably suggest that the leaves of trifoliate orange first sense the cold stress, followed with stems and roots. Oppositely, after ABA treatments, the significant decline of PtrHOS1 expression was first occurred in roots (15 min), followed with stems and leaves (30 min). Our results provide useful information for further studies about cold acclimation mechanism in citrus.

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Cold Hardiness in Citrus

Cited by 24 publications

References 123 publications

Impact of grafting on cold responsive gene expression in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

Impact of grafting on cold responsive gene expression in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

History of Gulf Coast Citrus

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of PtrHOS1, a novel gene of cold responses from trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]

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