Cold Hardiness of Malling Clonal Apple Rootstocks Under Different Conditions of Winter Soil Cover

Wildung, David K.; Weiser, C. J.; Pellett, Harold

doi:10.4141/cjps73-059

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Snow on the ground protects roots from low soil temperatures so that the deficit of precipitation associated with poor years may reflect on the absence of protective snow cover. Wildung et al (1973) demonstrated that snow cover reduced cold injury to apple trees and Quamme (1990) estimated that injury to roots of apple trees in the Okanagan Valley occurred in about 1 in 10 yr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

Caprio¹,

Quamme²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Caprio, J. M. and Quamme, H. A. 1999. Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 129-137. An analytical method that generates χ 2 indices of association was used to determine the "critical" levels of daily weather occurrences associated with annual variations in apple production (Malus domestica Borkh.) in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia over a 72-yr period, 1920-1991. The weather was recorded in the centre of the region (the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland). High temperatures during flower bud initiation in June (≥ 30°C) and during flower bud development in August (≥26°C) were associated with poor production the following year. Low temperature during November, December and February (critical value range, ≤-7°C to ≤-29°C) was the main climatic factor limiting apple production. These time periods correspond to the occurence of historical winter injury events. Daytime temperatures ≥5°C at times during January also affects apple production adversely, probably because warm weather leads to tree de-acclimation. Daily precipitation in March (≥1.0 mm) was associated with good production years which may indicate a requirement for early irrigation. Production was favoured by mild temperatures during bloom (≥21°C daytime, ≥11°C nighttime) and adversely affected by both very low temperatures (≤10°C nighttime) and unseasonably high temperatures (≥28°C daytime) coinciding with the temperature requirements of pollination and pollen tube growth. Good production years were also associated with a lack of low nighttime temperature (≤5°C) in spring, probably associated with frost in low lying areas. Hot, dry weather during August of the harvest year (≥33°C daytime, ≤2 mm) had a negative impact on apple production possibly because of loss in net photosynthesis, lower fruit size or apple sunburn. Warm weather during harvest (≥17°C daytime) favoured production, probably because of improved conditions for harvest operations and low fruit losses from autumn frosts.Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., tree fruit, climate, heat stress, spring frost, winter injury Caprio, J. M. et Quamme, H. A. 1999. Conditions météorologiques associées à la production des pommes dans la Vallée de l'Okanagan en Colombie-Britannique. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 129-137. Nous avons utilisé une méthode analytique produisant des indices d'association χ 2 pour déterminer les niveaux critiques des phénomènes météorologiques quotidiens reliés aux variations annuelles qui ont affecté la production des pommes (Malus domestica Borkh.) dans la vallée de l'Okanagan en ColombieBritannique pendant 72 ans, soit durant la période 1920-1991. La météo était enregistrée au centre de la région, plus précisément au Centre de recherches agroalimentaires du Pacifique à Summerland. Les températures élevées survenant durant l'initiation des boutons floraux en juin (≥30°C) et durant leur phase de développement en août (≥26°C) étaient associées à une faible production de fruits l'année suivan...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

Caprio¹,

Quamme²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Needle analysis supported this assumption because mobile nutrients in the affected trees were retranslocated from older needles to the current shoots where needles were flushing. Although there is more evidence for Mg retranslocation in conifer foliage than in hardwood foliage (Will, 1968), Mg seemed to be less mobile than N, P and K in the affected trees in July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient stress in young scots pines suffering from needle loss in a dry heath forest

Tikkanen

Raitio²

1990

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…In Ontario, these English stocks have survived test winters only in orchards near large bodies of water. In a Minnesota trial, M.26 stocks were strikingly more tolerant of low winter temperature than were M.7, M.9, MM.104, or MM.106 (Wildung et al 1973). A rootstock test orchard in central Poland was subjected to soil temperature of about -11°C in January 1969.…”

Section: A Low Temperature Sensitivitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these areas, we do not often encounter either very low winter minima nor very rapid temperature change in fall or spring. Furthermore, snow cover is an efficient insulation, is usually present and effectively protects roots from rapid temperature change (Wildung et al 1973).…”

Section: A Low Temperature Sensitivitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Apple Rootstocks

Cummins¹,

Aldwinckle²

1983

Plant Breeding Reviews

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Cold Hardiness of Malling Clonal Apple Rootstocks Under Different Conditions of Winter Soil Cover

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

Nutrient stress in young scots pines suffering from needle loss in a dry heath forest

Breeding Apple Rootstocks

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