Cold-induced heat production preceding shivering

Ooijen, Amj Marieke van; Lichtenbelt, W Wouter van Marken; Steenhoven, A.A. van; Westerterp, K.R.

doi:10.1079/bjn20041362

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Normally, in such conditions with temperature drops from 31 to 13°C, young adults and elderly start shivering [21], [22]. The next day we maximally decreased ambient temperature and temperatures dropped to maximally 12°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Frequent Extreme Cold Exposure and Brown Fat and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis: A Study in a Monozygotic Twin

Vosselman¹,

Vijgen

Kingma³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionMild cold acclimation is known to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) in humans. We here tested the effect of a lifestyle with frequent exposure to extreme cold on BAT and CIT in a Dutch man known as ‘the Iceman’, who has multiple world records in withstanding extreme cold challenges. Furthermore, his monozygotic twin brother who has a ‘normal’ sedentary lifestyle without extreme cold exposures was measured.MethodsThe Iceman (subject A) and his brother (subject B) were studied during mild cold (13°C) and thermoneutral conditions (31°C). Measurements included BAT activity and respiratory muscle activity by [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging and energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry. In addition, body temperatures, cardiovascular parameters, skin perfusion, and thermal sensation and comfort were measured. Finally, we determined polymorphisms for uncoupling protein-1 and β3-adrenergic receptor.ResultsSubjects had comparable BAT activity (A: 1144 SUVtotal and B: 1325 SUVtotal), within the range previously observed in young adult men. They were genotyped with the polymorphism for uncoupling protein-1 (G/G). CIT was relatively high (A: 40.1% and B: 41.9%), but unlike during our previous cold exposure tests in young adult men, here both subjects practiced a g-Tummo like breathing technique, which involves vigorous respiratory muscle activity. This was confirmed by high [18F]FDG-uptake in respiratory muscle.ConclusionNo significant differences were found between the two subjects, indicating that a lifestyle with frequent exposures to extreme cold does not seem to affect BAT activity and CIT. In both subjects, BAT was not higher compared to earlier observations, whereas CIT was very high, suggesting that g-Tummo like breathing during cold exposure may cause additional heat production by vigorous isometric respiratory muscle contraction. The results must be interpreted with caution given the low subject number and the fact that both participants practised the g-Tummo like breathing technique.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Frequent Extreme Cold Exposure and Brown Fat and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis: A Study in a Monozygotic Twin

Vosselman¹,

Vijgen

Kingma³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Non-shivering thermogenesis is documented to occur in humans whereby energy expenditure increases with body cooling (Paolone and Paolone 1995;Haman, Peronnet et al 2002;van Ooijen, van Marken Lichtenbelt et al 2005). However the mechanism of non-shivering thermogenesis is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does non-exercise activity thermogenesis contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis?

Harris

MacBride

Foster

et al. 2006

Journal of Thermal Biology

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We wanted to examine if spontaneous physical activity contributes to non-shivering thermogenesis. Ten lean, healthy male subjects wore a physical activity, micro-measurement system whilst the room temperature was randomly altered at two hourly intervals between thermoneutral (72°F), cool (62°F ) and warm (82°F) temperatures. Physical activity measured during the thermoneutral, cooling and warming periods was not significantly different. Cooling, increased EE above basal and thermoneutral values 2061 ± 344 kcal/day (p <0.01). Thus, the increase in energy expenditure associated with short-term environmental cooling in lean, healthy males does not appear to be due to increased spontaneous physical activity or fidgeting.

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“…Two different experiments were designed: one used mild cold conditions with an air temperature of 15°C, where no shivering was observed ). In the other study, the subjects were exposed to the same ambient temperature but with less clothing, which caused shivering after 83 min on average (Ooijen et al 2005). In this trial the focus was on body temperature and metabolic responses as well as the duration of the non-shivering interval (NSI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an individualised model of human thermoregulation for predicting responses to cold air

et al. 2006

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Most computer models of human thermoregulation are population based. Here, we individualised the Fiala model [Fiala et al. (2001) Int J Biometeorol 45:143-159] with respect to anthropometrics, body fat, and metabolic rate. The predictions of the adapted multisegmental thermoregulatory model were compared with measured skin temperatures of individuals. Data from two experiments, in which reclining subjects were suddenly exposed to mild to moderate cold environmental conditions, were used to study the effect on dynamic skin temperature responses. Body fat was measured by the three-compartment method combining underwater weighing and deuterium dilution. Metabolic rate was determined by indirect calorimetry. In experiment 1, the bias (mean difference) between predicted and measured mean skin temperature decreased from 1.8 degrees C to -0.15 degrees C during cold exposure. The standard deviation of the mean difference remained of the same magnitude (from 0.7 degrees C to 0.9 degrees C). In experiment 2 the bias of the skin temperature changed from 2.0+/-1.09 degrees C using the standard model to 1.3+/-0.93 degrees C using individual characteristics in the model. The inclusion of individual characteristics thus improved the predictions for an individual and led to a significantly smaller systematic error. However, a large part of the discrepancies in individual response to cold remained unexplained. Possible further improvements to the model accomplished by inclusion of more subject characteristics (i.e. body fat distribution, body shape) and model refinements on the level of (skin) blood perfusion, and control functions, are discussed.

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Cold-induced heat production preceding shivering

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Frequent Extreme Cold Exposure and Brown Fat and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis: A Study in a Monozygotic Twin

Frequent Extreme Cold Exposure and Brown Fat and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis: A Study in a Monozygotic Twin

Does non-exercise activity thermogenesis contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis?

Validation of an individualised model of human thermoregulation for predicting responses to cold air

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