Cold Injuries in Korea During Winter of 1950–51

Orr, Kenneth; Fainer, David C.

doi:10.1097/00005792-195205000-00003

Cited by 80 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Severity of the pri mary LCI was classified as first, second or third degree, in accordance with the appearance of the skin after thawing in the acute stage. Rubor and edema of the skin were classified as first degree, addition al bulla and vesicle formation as second degree and tissue necrosis as third degree LCI [17], Thirty-one patients approved further examination. Nine did not answer our request.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Sequelae from Local Cold Injuries

et al. 1994

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The microcirculation in the skin was assessed in 31 patients with sequelae from local cold injuries (LCI) in the extremities. All patients reported cold intolerance 3-4 years after the primary cold injury, which they sustained during military service. The used methods were laser Doppler fluxmetry, transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO₂) and vital capillaroscopy. Neurovascular reflexes were stimulated by deep inspiration, digital cuff occlusion of venous and arterial circulation, neck cooling with an ice bag and water immersion at 5 and 15 °C. Unaffected lower or upper extremities were also investigated as part of a search for generalized effects of LCI. During immersion in ice water the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD or Lewis’ ‘hunting’ reaction) was profoundly delayed or abolished in the affected limbs. These also showed the lowest skin temperatures after 15-20 min of immersion. Additionally, a delayed CIVD was found in the unaffected feet of patients with a previous hand injury. TCpO₂ resting values were decreased in the patients, but oxygen reappearance time, oxygen recovery index, postocclusive reactive hyperemia and the venoarterial reflex were normal. No capillary abnormalities were found. In conclusion, LCI induces disturbances in the CIVD, impairs cold tolerance and increases the risk of future cold injuries. These data demonstrate disturbances of reflex mechanisms mediated by the central nervous system. Neurophysiologic factors seem to be more important than ischemic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of late sequelae from LCI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Sequelae from Local Cold Injuries

et al. 1994

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“…28 1st degree-Erythema and swelling with no blister formation 2nd degree-Blister or bleb formation 3rd degree-Full thickness injury with gangrene but without loss of a part 4th degree-Complete necrosis with loss of a part Such a classification, which must be made in retrospect, is of limited value in assessing prognosis or planning care of the acute injury.…”

Section: The Gradients Of Severity Of Cold Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in the Korean War indicate an increased risk of cold injury in Negroes. 28,36 Conversely, Eskimos, Arctic fishermen and other inhabitants of northern geographic areas apparently have greater resistance to cold despite the fact that there is no consistently objective measurable difference in their response to reduced temperatures. 7,14,15,26 It has been suggested that there is a tissue adaptation at the cellular level in response to the cold environment.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis Individual Susceptibility As a Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Frostbite in Civilian Medical Practice

Hermann¹,

Schechter²,

Owens³

et al. 1963

Surgical Clinics of North America

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“…These complications are usually found in patients who suffer severe initial soft tissue damage (advanced stage II or III frostbite injury) [1], and become symptomatic following an interval of several months to several years. Characteristic radiographic changes should alert the radiologist to the presence of severe cold injury to developing cartilages and may help define the prognosis for progressive degenerative arthritis in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic changes in the hands following childhood frostbite injury

et al. 1980

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Three young adult patients who had sustained severe frostbite of the hands as children were recently evaluated for progressive deformity and joint pain in the fingers. Characteristic radiographic abnormalities including dwarfing of the middle and distal phalanges, irregular and malapposed articular surfaces, malalignments at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, and evidence of degenerative arthritis in the interphalangeal joints were observed. The metacarpal phalangeal joints and wrists were spared in all patients, and fingers which had been protected from the initial cold injury were similarly not affected. Articular abnormalities and phalangeal deformity are most likely due to direct chondrocyte injury following freezing, but microvascular damage may also contribute to abnormal cartilage growth. A history of severe frostbite as a child should alert the clinician to the possibility of finger deformity and arthritis developing years after the initial injury.

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Cold Injuries in Korea During Winter of 1950–51

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Sequelae from Local Cold Injuries

Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Sequelae from Local Cold Injuries

The Problem of Frostbite in Civilian Medical Practice

Radiographic changes in the hands following childhood frostbite injury

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