Cold Injury in Newborn Lambs

Haughey, K. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1973.tb06732.x

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Um fato que chama atenção é o de não ter sido observado em nenhum cordeiro necropsiado, principalmente nos mortos por inanição/hipotermia, a metabolização da gordura, caracterizada por apresentar um aspecto gelatinoso de cor avermelhada, diferente da gordura normal, de cor branca e consistência firme (McFarlane 1961, Haughey 1973, Méndez et al 1982. É provável que essa não-metabolização da gordura esteja associada à temperatura ambiente.…”

Section: Resul Resul Resul Resul Results T T T Tados Ados Ados Ados Adosunclassified

“…Os países, nos quais essa alteração é descrita, são de clima temperado, com temperaturas bem inferiores às observadas no semi-árido. A gordura do recém nascido, quase que totalmente formada por gordura marrom, é utilizada para a termogênese não associada ao tremor e, experimentalmente, a sua metabolização ocorre a temperaturas de 0-18ºC e não a temperaturas de 20-35ºC, tanto em cordeiros alimentados, quanto em cordeiros com fome (Haughey 1973). Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que às temperaturas do semi-árido essa gordura não é metabolizada para a produção de calor.…”

Section: Resul Resul Resul Resul Results T T T Tados Ados Ados Ados Adosunclassified

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Mortalidade perinatal de cordeiros no semi-árido da Paraíba

Nóbrega¹,

Riet-Correa²,

Nóbrega³

et al. 2005

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The causes of perinatal lamb mortality were studied, from March 2002 to October 2004, on 27 farms in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. In 90 lambs necropsied the following frequency of different causes of death was found: neonatal infections (41.1%), malformations (23.3%), dystocia (10%), starvation/hypothermia (10%), abortion (4.4%), and predation (2.2%). Regarding the time of death, 4.4% of the lambs died before parturition, 10% during parturition, 30% on the first day after parturition, 20% between the second and the third day, and 35.6% between the 4th and the 28th day after parturition. The assistance during parturition, umbilical disinfection of the neonates, colostrum ingestion between 2 and 6 hours after parturition, and keeping the ewes in healthy environmental conditions during and after parturition could improve lamb surviving. The high frequency of malformations in different breeds suggests that malformations are due to a toxic plant. The main defects were permanent flexure of the front legs, brachygnathia, cleft palate, and other head malformations. In a recent report the authors demonstrated the teratogenic effects of Mimosa tenuiflora, a very common plant in the semiarid region, which is probably the cause of those malformations. Lambs which died due to starvation/hypothermia and had low birth weight (1.37 ± 0.70kg), suggesting that a better nutrition of the ewe during the last trimester of gestation is a way to control this cause of lamb mortality. Considering that in the northeastern region, in most farms, the rams stay with the ewes during the whole year, the adoption of a breeding season would help to control the different causes of perinatal lamb mortality.INDEX TERMS: Lamb mortality, newborn lambs, sheep production, perinatal mortality.

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Section: Resul Resul Resul Resul Results T T T Tados Ados Ados Ados Adosunclassified

Mortalidade perinatal de cordeiros no semi-árido da Paraíba

Nóbrega¹,

Riet-Correa²,

Nóbrega³

et al. 2005

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from trauma and/or hypoxia during birth is well recognised as a cause of human perinatal mortality and the physical and intellectual handicap of survivors. A high frequency of meningeal haemorrhage and congestion has been recorded in lambs, beef calves and foals dying during or within 7 days of birth (Haughey 1973a(Haughey , b, 1975Haughey and Jones 1976). These findings led to the hypothesis that the meningeal lesions result from trauma and/or hypoxia during birth and that they are sensitive indices of more basic injury to the CNS which may be prejudicial to the survival of term fetuses.…”

Section: Lntroduct Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A standard procedure was used at autopsy (McFarlane 1965, Haughey 1973a. Particular attention was directed at the brain, spinal cord and associated structures for the presence of vascular lesions including subdural and extradural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage and congestion and bloodstained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in and around the cranial or spinal meninges (Haughey 1973a). When present the lesions were subjectively scored as occurring at a slight (l), moderate (2), or marked (3) degree.…”

Section: Autopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Birth in the Pathogenesis of Meningeal Haemorrhage and Congestion in Newborn Lambs

Haughey

1980

Aust Veterinary J

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SUMMARY: In a controlled experiment, term lambs born of caesarean sacrifice, normal or artificially prolonged birth were examined at autopsy to determine the role of vaginal birth in the pathogenesis of presumed birth injury to the fetal CNS characterised by subdural and extradural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage and congestion, and blood‐stained cerebrospinal fluid in and around the cranial and spinal meninges of lambs dying during or within 7 days of birth. Additional material, comprising near‐term fetuses, was examined at an abattoir to determine the prevalence of meningeal lesions in unborn fetuses. Mean durations of parturition in the caesarean‐born controls, natural and artifically‐delayed vaginal deliveries were 0 min., 56 min., and 185 min. respectively. The experimental treatments influenced the frequency of cranial lesions only. Single lambs were more prone to injury than twin lambs. The incidence of affected lambs in delayed births was 8.9 times higher than that in caesarean births and 1.7 times higher than that in normal births. Within the delayed group the incidence of affected single lambs in the subgroups was similar despite wide differences in the nature of parturition. It was concluded that the induced lesions resembled those associated with the perinatal mortality of livestock and infants and that pathogenetic variables included interactions between the duration and the vigour of the birth process. Repeated stretching and relaxation of the rostral fetal cranio‐vertebral skeleton during Stage 2 labour may be involved in pathogenesis. At that stage of delivery, the fetus is relatively fixed because the chest and shoulders have firmly engaged the pelvic inlet, while the head and neck are exposed to the lower pressure of the vagina and atmosphere. Intrafetal pressure is hydrostatically continuous with intrauterine pressure which is higher than atmospheric pressure. Rises in intrauterine pressure due to labour are probably transmitted hydraululically to the fetal cranio‐vertebral canal leading to stretching of the head and neck. Because the fetal CNS is firmly anchored to the cranio‐vertebral skeleton such movement may set up the shearing action necessary to rupture small vessels in the cranial and cervical meninges.

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“…Dystocia is an important cause of perinatal lamb mortality (Hight and Jury 1970;Haughey 1973). High birthweights have been associated with increased dystocia in sheep (Dennis 1970;Hight and Jury 1970) and account for the higher incidence of dystocia in ewes bearing single lambs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Pelvic Dimensions, Other Body Measurements and Dystocia in Dorset Horn Ewes

Fogarty

Thompson²

1974

Aust Veterinary J

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Summary Fifteen live and 16 post slaughter measurements were recorded from each of 29 mature Dorset Horn ewes in an investigation of pelvic dimensions and their association with past history of dystocia or difficult birth amongst the ewes. For comparison with a breed having a low incidence of dystocia, similar measurements were recorded from 6 mature Border Leicester ewes with no previous history of dystocia. The range in size of the Dorset Horn pelves was considerable, with conjugate diameter being more variable than transverse diameter (P < 0.05) and a more important cause of variation in pelvic area. A higher incidence of dystocia amongst the Dorset Horn ewes tended to be associated with smaller pelvic areas (r =—0.34; P = 0.08). Pelvic area and conjugate diameter were significantly less (73.4 v 82.8 cm2, P < 0.01; and 9.9 v 10.9 cm, P < 0.05, respectively) for those ewes which had dystocia at more than 65% of their lambings, suggesting that pelvic area and conjugate diameter may be factors with critcial levels in predisposition to dystocia. The Border Leicester pelves were 21 % greater in area (P < 0.01) and 17% greater in conjugate diameter (P < 0.01) than the Dorset Horn pelves, although there was no difference in their transverse diameters. In general, measurements in the region of the pelvis were closely correlated with transverse diameter of the pelvis but not with pelvic area or conjugate diameter. Forelimb length and bodylength were the only measurements recorded in the live Dorset Horn ewes that were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with both pelvic area (r = 0.53 and r = 0.47 respectively) and conjugate diameter (r = 0.48 and r = 0.49 respectively). However, these live measurements accounted for less than 35% of the variation in conjugate diameter and pelvic area when included in a multiple regression equation.

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Cold Injury in Newborn Lambs

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Mortalidade perinatal de cordeiros no semi-árido da Paraíba

Mortalidade perinatal de cordeiros no semi-árido da Paraíba

The Role of Birth in the Pathogenesis of Meningeal Haemorrhage and Congestion in Newborn Lambs

Relationship Between Pelvic Dimensions, Other Body Measurements and Dystocia in Dorset Horn Ewes

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