This in-depth analysis explores the fundamentals, uses, benefits, and difficulties of the two fascinating welding processes known as thermit welding and atomic hydrogen welding. Atomic Hydrogen Welding uses hydrogen gas as an arc medium to produce superior weld quality, while Thermit Welding uses the exothermic reaction of metallic powder and metal oxide in heavy-duty applications like repairing railroad tracks. This review provides insightful information to improve welding knowledge and skills by examining operating principles, new developments, research trends, and practical concerns in various techniques.