Cold pressor stress induces opposite effects on cardioceptive accuracy dependent on assessment paradigm

Altered Patterns of Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials in Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

“…Patients with DPD have lower basal cortisol levels compared with healthy (31) and depressive individuals (32), as well as a reduced suppression of cortisol release after dexamethasone intake (31,33); yet, there are no differences in cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress (31). Previous findings suggest that exposure to a laboratory stressor (34,35) affect the processing of interoceptive signals. Both physiological stress axes may be involved in this process: first, peripheral sympathetic activation may drive the cardiovascular system and, therefore, increase the afferent neurotransmission from cardiac interoceptors (e.g., baroreceptors), as implied by increased interoceptive accuracy by selective β 1 -adrenergic drugs (36).…”

Discrepancies between dimensions of interoception in autism: Implications for emotion and anxiety

“…Moreover, different factors can differentially impact performance on these two heartbeat perception tasks, such as stress (Schulz, et al, 2013). Heartbeat tracking may be considered a "purer" test of interoception, as performance depends on internal monitoring of bodily state, while tests of heartbeat discrimination typically also involves an external stimulus (e.g.…”

“…Jones, Rieger, & Snell, 1999;Schulz, Lass-Hennemann, Sutterlin, Schachinger, & Vogele, 2013). Moreover, different factors can differentially impact performance on these two heartbeat perception tasks, such as stress (Schulz, et al, 2013).…”

The moderating influence of self-efficacy on interoceptive ability and counterintuitive decision making in officer cadets

“…IS was operationalized as cardioceptive accuracy, and the assessment followed closely the protocols of Schandry (1981) and Schulz et al (2013). Participants were asked to count their heartbeat silently without any help of measuring pulse or using devices.…”