Cold recovery from LNG-regasification for polygeneration applications

Bruno, Joan Carles; Coronas, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.073

Cited by 71 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The majority of LNG importing terminals however reject their cold energy to the environment (i.e., air or seawater) in either open rack, submerged combustion, or ambient air vaporizers, without cold energy recovery [78]. This is attributable to the following technical and non-technical barriers: (i) communities and cold applications being generally remotely located from regasification terminals, for safety and practical reasons [81], coupled with the lack of suitable fluid carriers for cold transportation; (ii) a lack of perceived incentives for regasification facilities to diversify their products beyond NG distribution, combined with a reluctance to cooperate with potential cold users (e.g., district energy companies), and unsuitable business models; (iii) end-user variable cooling demands and/or resistance to new cold provision technologies [81][82][83].…”

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanofluids and ice slurries have also been considered but are not suitable for long distance transportation due to high pumping power consumption compared with conventional secondary fluids [81]. Liquid CO 2 has lower viscosity than water/glycol, is non-flammable and considered environmentally benign and low cost [83,84]. CO 2 has been suggested to transport cold energy from LNG regasification terminals [81,83,84] to end-users (e.g., agro-food industries, supermarkets, hypermarkets located 2 km away from an LNG regasification terminal [81,84]).…”

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of LNG cold energy for DC has hardly been considered in the literature, except in [40,83,85]. Jo et al [85] investigated a Type 2 absorption system using an ammonia-water solution as working fluid to transport LNG cold energy over long distances.…”

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Dominković et al [40], the envisaged transportation of cold energy extracted from regasified LNG for DC was limited to 20 km within Singapore area. Based in Spain, Atienza-Márquez et al [83] proposed the cascaded co-generation of DC and Rankine/direct expansion cycle-based power augmentation using cold energy recovered from LNG regasification. LNG cold energy was transported using CO 2 .…”

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions

Eveloy

Ayou

2019

Energies

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A review of current and future district cooling (DC) technologies, operational, economic, and environmental aspects, and analysis and optimization methodologies is presented, focusing on the demands of cooling-dominated regions. Sustainable energy sources (i.e., renewable, waste/excess electricity and heat, natural/artificial cold) and cooling/storage technology options with emphasis on heat-driven refrigeration, and their integrations in published DC design and analysis studies are reviewed. Published DC system analysis, modeling, and optimization methodologies are analyzed in terms of their objectives, scope, sustainability-related criteria, and key findings. The current and future development of DC in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, a major developing cooling-dominated market, is examined more specifically in terms of current and future energy sources and their use, and economic, environmental, and regulatory aspects, with potential technical and non-technical solutions identified to address regional DC sustainability challenges. From the review of published DC design and analysis studies presented, collective research trends in key thematic areas are analyzed, with suggested future research themes proposed towards the sustainability enhancement of DC systems in predominantly hot climates.

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Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Artificial Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions

Eveloy

Ayou

2019

Energies

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“…García et al [20] reported that the regasification of LNG is the last step in the LNG supply chain carried out at LNG terminal storage plants [20]. LNG regasification cold energy can be extensively manipulated into useful energy, which can be applied to cold power generation, seawater desalination, polygeneration, cold air separation, cryogenic crushing, frozen food storage, and carbonic acid production [21]. Such applications can prevent vast stores of cold energy from being thrown away during regasification.…”

Section: Data Center Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno Economic Evaluation of Cold Energy from Malaysian Liquefied Natural Gas Regasification Terminals

Majid

Mamat

et al. 2019

Energies

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In order to cater for increased demand for natural gas (NG) by the industry, Malaysia is required to import liquid natural gas (LNG). This is done through PETRONAS GAS Sdn Bhd. For LNG regasification, two regasification terminals have been set up, one in Sungai Udang Melaka (RGTSU) and another at Pengerang Johor (RGTPJ). RGTSU started operation in 2013 while RGTPJ began operation in 2017. The capacities of RGTSU and RGTPJ are 3.8 (500 mmscfd) and 3.5 (490 mmscfd) MTPA, respectively. RGTSU is an offshore plant and uses an intermediate-fluid-vaporization (IFV) process for regasification. RGTPJ is an onshore plant and employs open-rack vaporization (ORV). It is known that a substantial amount of cold energy is released during the regasification process. However, neither plant captures the cold energy released during regasification. This techno economic study serves to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the cold energy available during regasification. It was estimated that approximately 47,214 and 88,383 kWh of cold energy could be generated daily at RGTPJ and RGTSU, respectively, during regasification processes. Converting this energy into RTh at 70% thermal efficiency, and taking the commercial rate of 0.549 Sen per RTh, for the 20-year project life, an internal rate of return (IRR) of up to 33% and 17% was estimated for RGTPJ and for RGTSU, respectively.

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Optimizing Air Separation and LNG Cold Utilization: Energy Savings, Exergy Efficiency, and System Reliability

Shingan,

Pujari,

Arya

et al. 2024

Chem Eng & Technol

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Air separation processes are time‐consuming and energy‐intensive. Most of the energy used in air separation unit (ASU) is used for air compression. During the air compression process, some energy is lost, which is converted into waste heat. This wasted energy is used to warm liquefied natural gas (LNG). At some point, LNG ships will dock at an LNG regasification facility. Here, LNG is converted back to gas and supplied to the distribution and transmission systems. During the regasification process, cryogenic LNG has a huge opportunity for cold energy recovery. An innovative air separation process that is integrated with the cold utilization of LNG is presented in this study along with a thorough conceptual design and analysis. The results of this study show that producing high‐purity oxygen and nitrogen, respectively, requires 0.28 kWh kg−1 and 0.06 kWh kg−1 of specific energies. Prior to integration with cold utilization of natural gas, 25 141.6 kW is needed for air compression. However, following integration, 10 554.6 kW of energy is needed, resulting in a 58.01 % energy savings. Exergy destruction as well as efficiency have been calculated for the primary components of the system. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine the effects of LNG streams on important parameters. In conclusion, a cryogenic ASU is integrated with an LNG‐direct expansion cycle‐organic Rankine cycle power cycle to supply the necessary power for operation and reduce extraneous power inputs. Overall, this integrated approach increases efficiency, lowers costs, benefits the environment, allows for flexibility and adaptability, and raises system dependability.

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Cold recovery from LNG-regasification for polygeneration applications

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions

Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions

Techno Economic Evaluation of Cold Energy from Malaysian Liquefied Natural Gas Regasification Terminals

Optimizing Air Separation and LNG Cold Utilization: Energy Savings, Exergy Efficiency, and System Reliability

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