Cold season soil NO fluxes from a temperate forest: drivers and contribution to annual budgets

Medinets, Sergiy; Gasché, Rainer; Skiba, U.; Schindlbacher, Andreas; Kiese, Ralf; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114012

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Despite all these precautions, at sloping or complex terrain sites where advection can be important, it cannot be excluded that the Lasslop et al (2010) daytime-data-based approach may still underestimate R eco (and overestimate CSE obs ) if advection is not accounted for explicitly. This is because the R eco estimate based on the intercept of the light response curve for the measured NEE (at PAR = 0) is strongly influenced by measurements made around sunrise and sunset, when a clear impact of advection on the light response curve ordinate has been observed, as shown at the EN5 subalpine site by Montagnani et al (2009) (see their Fig. 13).…”

Section: Variability Of Carbon Sequestration Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3- leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially NO3- were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep < 1 g N m−2 yr−1 versus 65 % (range 35 %–85 %) for Ndep > 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep.

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Section: Variability Of Carbon Sequestration Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

et al. 2020

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“…The 'Birch' effect (Birch 1964) -the surge in microbial activity after dormancy, triggered by a rain event after prolonged periods of drought or temperature rise defrosting soil in cool continental climate regions -leads to pulses of gaseous emissions, such as CO 2 , N 2 O and NO. The timing and rate of these emission pulses is highly unpredictable, but can be an important contribution to the overall annual flux, especially in regions that experience seasonal freeze/thaw or wet/dry cycles (Dick et al 2001;Medinets et al 2016b). The water addition at the start of the pre-incubation period, and prior to the start of the measurements, would have stimulated nitrification and denitrification processes and accompanying N 2 O and NO emissions in a similar manner to those observed for the pulsing effect (experiment 3) (Wei et al 2017).…”

Section: The Pulsing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilizer type on soil nitric oxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural and forest Eutric Regosols

et al. 2020

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Agricultural and forest soils with low organic C content and high alkalinity were studied over 17 days to investigate the potential response of the atmospheric pollutant nitric oxide (NO) and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) on (1) increased N deposition rates to forest soil; (2) different fertilizer types to agricultural soil and (3) a simulated rain event to forest and agricultural soils. Cumulative forest soil NO emissions (148–350 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 4 times larger than N2O emissions (37–69 ng N2O-N g−1). Contrary, agricultural soil NO emissions (21–376 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 16 times smaller than N2O emissions (45–8491 ng N2O-N g−1). Increasing N deposition rates 10 fold to 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1, doubled soil NO emissions and NO3− concentrations. As such high N deposition rates are not atypical in China, more attention should be paid on forest soil NO research. Comparing the fertilizers urea, ammonium nitrate, and urea coated with the urease inhibitor ‘Agrotain®,’ demonstrated that the inhibitor significantly reduced NO and N2O emissions. This is an unintended, not well-known benefit, because the primary function of Agrotain® is to reduce emissions of the atmospheric pollutant ammonia. Simulating a climate change event, a large rainfall after drought, increased soil NO and N2O emissions from both agricultural and forest soils. Such pulses of emissions can contribute significantly to annual NO and N2O emissions, but currently do not receive adequate attention amongst the measurement and modeling communities.

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“…6). In Medinets et al 34 , no correlations between soil NO emissions and soil moisture content at both organic and mineral soil layers for the entire cold season observation period were recorded.…”

Section: Agro-ecological Factors and N-no 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen Oxide Soil Emission Measurements Using Passive Samplers and Static Chamber Method

et al. 2021

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Nitrogen oxides play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, like primary pollutants, in the formation of secondary air pollutants or greenhouse gases (GHGs). This research study was conducted in the Western Pannonian sub-region of Croatia with the aim to determine the suitability of our internally developed passive sampler and static chamber method for N-NO2 concentration measurement. The aim was also to determine the impact of mineral soil fertilization on the N-NO2 flux during triticale vegetation. The research showed that the method used was suitable. Average daily N-NO2 flux ranged from 2.78 to 5.09 mg ha–1 day–1 depending on phenophase and treatment. Statistically significant differences in N-NO2 flux between two monitored treatments (300 kg N ha–1 and 0 kg N ha–1) were not observed, nor between two investigated phenophases.

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Cold season soil NO fluxes from a temperate forest: drivers and contribution to annual budgets

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Carbon–nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation – Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

The impact of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilizer type on soil nitric oxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural and forest Eutric Regosols

Nitrogen Oxide Soil Emission Measurements Using Passive Samplers and Static Chamber Method

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