Cold stability of microtubules in wood-forming tissues of conifers during seasons of active and dormant cambium

Begum, Shahanara; Shibagaki, Masaki; Furusawa, Osamu; Nakaba, Satoshi; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Yoshimoto, Joto; Jin, Hyun Seung; Sano, Yuichi; Funada, Ryo

doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1500-2

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…2A; Begum et al 2012a). Thus, low ambient temperatures above 0 • C, namely, chilling temperatures, might be expected to influence and induce the disassembly of microtubules in cambium and cambial derivatives (Begum et al 2012a). Contrary to expectations, some researchers have observed microtubules, by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy, in the dormant cambial cells of conifers in winter, when the temperatures are low (Itoh 1971, Funada et al 2000.…”

Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A; Begum et al 2012a). Thus, low ambient temperatures above 0°C, namely, chilling temperatures, might be expected to influence and induce the disassembly of microtubules in cambium and cambial derivatives (Begum et al 2012a).…”

Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, the stability during low‐temperature fixation of microtubules in cambial cells, xylem cells and phloem cells differs between seasons of dormant and active cambium. This phenomenon might be closely related to the seasonal changes in the cold tolerance of trees because microtubules play such important roles in cell division and differentiation (Begum et al 2012a). It is noteworthy that low temperature has no effect on the stability of another major component of the cytoskeleton, namely, actin filaments, in cambial cells and differentiating xylem cells during seasons of active cambium.…”

Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees

Begum

Nakaba

Yamagishi

et al. 2012

Physiologia Plantarum

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248

157

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The timing of cambial reactivation plays an important role in determination of the amount and quality of wood and the environmental adaptivity of trees. Environmental factors, such as temperature, influence the growth and development of trees. Temperatures from late winter to early spring affect the physiological processes that are involved in the initiation of cambial cell division and xylem differentiation in trees. Cumulative elevated temperatures from late winter to early spring result in earlier initiation of cambial reactivation and xylem differentiation in tree stems and an extended growth period. However, earlier cambial reactivation increases the risk for frost damage because the cold tolerance of cambium decreases after cambial reactivation. The present review focuses on temperature regulation on the timing of cambial reactivation and xylem differentiation in trees, and also highlights recent advances in our understanding of seasonal changes in the cold stability of microtubules in trees. The review also summarizes the present understanding of the relationships between the timing of cambial reactivation, the start of xylem differentiation and changes in levels of storage materials in trees, as well as an attempt to identify the source of energy for cell division and differentiation. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate wood formation in trees and the influence of environmental conditions on such mechanisms should help in efforts to improve and enhance the exploitation of wood for commercial applications and to prepare for climatic change.

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Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cold Stability Of Microtubules and Its Relationship To Cambimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees

Begum

Nakaba

Yamagishi

et al. 2012

Physiologia Plantarum

Self Cite

248

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Both external and internal factors control xylogenesis (Wilson 1984;Aloni 2013) and are likely involved in the regulation of its timing (Lachaud et al 1999). Among these factors, temperature is expected to be a major cue for the phenology of xylogenesis, considering its influence on cell structure (Begum et al 2012) and on basic processes, such as the modulation of the division rate of cambium initials (Begum et al 2013) and the regulation of gene expression related to active auxin transport (Schrader et al 2003).…”

Section: The Phenology Of Wood Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Delpierre

Vitasse

Chuine

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

234

192

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Abstract& Key message We demonstrate that, beyond leaf phenology, the phenological cycles of wood and fine roots present clear responses to environmental drivers in temperate and boreal trees. These drivers should be included in terrestrial ecosystem models. & Context In temperate and boreal trees, a dormancy period prevents organ development during adverse climatic conditions. Whereas the phenology of leaves and flowers has received considerable attention, to date, little is known regarding the phenology of other tree organs such as wood, fine roots, fruits, and reserve compounds. & Aims Here, we review both the role of environmental drivers in determining the phenology of tree organs and the models used to predict the phenology of tree organs in temperate and boreal forest trees. & Results Temperature is a key driver of the resumption of tree activity in spring, although its specific effects vary among organs. There is no such clear dominant environmental cue involved in the cessation of tree activity in autumn and in the onset of dormancy, but temperature, photoperiod, and water stress appear as prominent factors. The phenology of a given organ is, to a certain extent, influenced by processes in distant organs. & Conclusion Inferring past trends and predicting future trends of tree phenology in a changing climate requires specific phenological models developed for each organ to consider the phenological cycle as an ensemble in which the environmental cues that trigger each phase are also indirectly involved in the subsequent phases. Incorporating such models into terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) would likely improve the accuracy of their predictions. The extent to which the coordination of the phenologies of tree organs will be affected in a changing climate deserves further research.

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“…Unlike the immediate derivative cells of primary meristems, derivatives of ray cells remain for a long time close to their site of origin, do not divide, and live for at least 4-5 years. MTs of ray cells appear bound together as microtubular cables 205 (Fig. 2b).…”

Section: Does Orch or Apply To Plants And If So Could Plants Be Conmentioning

confidence: 98%

The natural history of consciousness, and the question of whether plants are conscious, in relation to the Hameroff-Penrose quantum-physical ‘Orch OR’ theory of universal consciousness

Barlow

2015

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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Abbreviations used AP action potential, EEG electroencephalograph, EPD electrical potential difference, MAP microtubule-associated protein, MT microtubule, Orch OR orchestrated objective reduction Downloaded by [University of Otago] at 00:21 14 July 2015 2 2 Whether or not plants exhibit consciousness in the sense that they possess a 'sensation of self' is uncertain. Unlike humans and certain animals, plants cannot be interrogated directly on this matter. In any case, it is possible that states of consciousness, like brains and nervous systems of animals, have evolved and developed in different ways, depending on their phylogeny. However, some of the criteria by which consciousness is inferred to be present in animals are met by plants. For example, plants display features of cognition (sensing and response) and of learning and memory which, in animals, contribute to the conscious state. Plants also possess a rudiment ary nervous system similar to that found in basal animals and have, perhaps, a simple brain, as well as showing slow and fast transmissable electrical activity, all of which are strong correlates of consciousness in animals. However, the question of consciousness in general can be approached in different way. This is by taking the Orch OR (Orchestrated Objective Reduction) hypothesis of Hameroff and Penr ose 1 as a starting point. The Orch OR hypothesis, which is based in quantum physics, proposes that, when a sufficient mass of tubulin molecules has assembled into cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) within neuronal cells of the brain, these structures become sites of quantum c omputation and of quantum state reduction (OR) events resulting in moments of protoconsciousness. Because plant cells also have large populations of MTs, and because plant MTs share properties with those of animal neuronal MTs, which putatively orchestrate OR events, plant MTs might also be sites of quantum reduction events and, hence, lead to momentary protoconsciousness. The extent to which the Orch OR hypothesis is applicable to plants is examined, and it is argued that, within the plant body, the most likely tissue where OR events could be located and promote protoconsciousness is to be found in the system of ray cells of tree trunks in which bundled MTs and actin filaments are prevalent.A single complete ray complex is estimated to contain about as many tubulin molecules as a single human cerebral neuron.Inferential evidence used by Hameroff and Penrose to support their Orch OR hypothesis leads in another direction. These authors presented estimates of the frequency of protoconscious or conscious moments. This frequency turns out to be similar to the fr equency of successive Earthly quantal time units, according to a theory proposed by G. Dorda. 2 These time units are also intimately linked with simultaneous changes of quantal mass, both mass and time being structured according to the motions of Earth and Moon around the Sun.In the case of cellular tissues, quantised mass takes the form of aggregates of water, and these are ...

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Cold stability of microtubules in wood-forming tissues of conifers during seasons of active and dormant cambium

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees

Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

The natural history of consciousness, and the question of whether plants are conscious, in relation to the Hameroff-Penrose quantum-physical ‘Orch OR’ theory of universal consciousness

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