Colistin(Coly-Mycin) in Resistant Bacterial Infections

Yow, Ellard M.; Tan, Edwardo; Shane, Louis; Schonfeld, S; Abu-Nassar, Hanna

doi:10.1001/archinte.1961.03620110004002

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Clinical experience with the sulphomethyl derivatives of colistin has been reviewed (Hall, 1960;McMillan, Price, MacLaren & Scott, 1962;Schwartz, Warren, Barkley & Landis, 1959-60;Yow, Tan, Shane, Schonfeld & Abu-Nasser, 1961;Petersdorf & Plorde 1963) but without the writers realizing that the investigators have used two distinct types of derivatives. The derivative (Colomycin) used in Europe is of the low toxicity type with an acute intravenous LD50 value, according to the manufacturers, of 650 mg/kg for mice, and that used in America (Coly-Mycin; WarnerChilcott) is of medium toxicity with an alleged intravenous LD50 value for mice of about 220 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Sulphomethyl Derivatives of Polymyxins

Barnett

Bushby

Wilkinson

1964

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

111

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Variations in the treatment of polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin) with formaldehyde and sodium bisulphite produce sulphomethyl derivatives which differ quantitatively in acute toxicity and in antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo. The acute intravenous LD50 values of some sixty samples of these derivatives range from six-to more than eighty-fold those of the parent antibiotics; the in vitro antibacterial activities range from 2 to 12% and the in vivo activities from 20 to 50% of those of the parent antibiotics, with the most toxic derivatives showing the highest activities. When short and prolonged incubation methods are used, assays of the derivatives in solutions of different ages and of blood collected from man and dog after intramuscular injection, show that the antibacterial activities of these sulphomethyl derivatives depend on reversion to the unsubstituted form, and that the differences in the activities are due to variations in stability. These conclusions are supported by comparison of these sulphomethyl derivatives with stable acetyl derivatives. The lower in vivo activity is due, at least partly, to the high renal excretion of the substituted form. Electrophoresis shows that the derivatives are composite, the components corresponding to mono-to pentasulphomethyl polymyxin. Pain at the injection site is the most troublesome side-effect of polymyxin therapy, and this is avoided with these derivatives. In rats injected with quantities some twenty-times the usual human dose, the derivatives cause transitory decrease in urinary output and transitory proteinuria. After intramuscular injection of these derivatives into dogs, no antibiotic is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid and concentrations present in the bile are not significantly different from those after injection of the parent antibiotic. When injected intracisternally into these animals, derivatives are less toxic than the parent compounds. These studies show that acute intravenous toxicity is a useful index of therapeutic efficiency and that derivatives with intravenous LD50 values of about 100 mg/kg are the most satisfactory ones. Because activity depends on reversion to the parent antibiotic, the use of these derivatives for topical application is contraindicated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Sulphomethyl Derivatives of Polymyxins

Barnett

Bushby

Wilkinson

1964

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

111

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“…Early experience showed it to be an effective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of septicaemias, wound infections, urinary tract infections and respiratory system infections caused by P. aeruginosa [24,[126][127][128]. The predominant use over the last 20 years has been for inhalational treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in CF patients [22,[129][130][131][132].…”

Section: Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of colistin as an agent against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Nation

Milne

et al. 2005

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

498

442

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“…7 Major components of this class of antimicrobial agents that have been used in clinical practice represent colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B. Colistin and polymyxin B were discovered from different species of Bacillus polymyxa in the 1940s and were extensively used parenterally for approximately two decades, after which they were gradually withdrawn from clinical practice owing to reports of toxicity. [8][9][10][11][12] Specifically, several studies that assessed the safety of parenteral polymyxins reported frequent development of renal and neurological adverse effects. 13,14 In addition, numerous case reports published in the 1960s and 1970s associated the administration of polymyxins with the development of acute renal failure.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Use of Intravenous and Aerosolized Polymyxins for the Treatment of Infections in Critically Ill Patients: A Review of the Recent Literature

Falagas¹,

Kasiakou²,

Tsiodras³

et al. 2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

144

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Intravenous and aerosolized polymyxins are being used increasingly, especially in the critical care setting, for treating patients with infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recent literature suggests that intravenous colistin and polymyxin B have acceptable effectiveness for the treatment of patients with bacteremia, as well as infections of various systems and organs, including pneumonia, bacteremia, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Although data from recent studies have suggested that the toxicity of intravenous polymyxins is probably less than reported in the older literature, caution should be taken to monitor the renal function of patients who receive these antibiotics.

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Colistin(Coly-Mycin) in Resistant Bacterial Infections

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Sodium Sulphomethyl Derivatives of Polymyxins

Sodium Sulphomethyl Derivatives of Polymyxins

Evaluation of colistin as an agent against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

The Use of Intravenous and Aerosolized Polymyxins for the Treatment of Infections in Critically Ill Patients: A Review of the Recent Literature

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