“…While other cited external knowledge sources: competitors, users, suppliers, universities and research institutes have received considerable levels of academic attention concerning their ability to contribute towards an organisations new product development processes (Kaufman et al, 2000;Sobrero and Roberts, 2002;Olson and Bakke, 2001;Lilien et al, 2002;Bonner and Walker, 2004;Dahan and Hauser, 2002;von Hippel and Katz, 2002;Gassmann et al, 2006;Dittrich et al, 2007;Perkmann and Walsh, 2007) we have found little evidence to suggest that the integration of independent inventors within the open innovation business model has received consideration.…”