“…The organizational culture affects how the firm responds to external events and makes strategic choices (Liu et al 2010). Prasanna and Haavisto (2018) further classify organizational culture into five different models: values (what we prefer, hold dear or desire) (Cameron and Quinn 2011), stories (verbal or written narratives) (Vaara and Tienari 2011), frames (filters or brackets that expand the horizon) (Smets, Morris, and Greenwood 2012), toolkits (sets of stories, frames, categories, rituals, and practices which actors draw upon to make meaning or take action) (McPherson and Sauder 2013) and categories (social constructions or classifications which define and structure the conceptual differences between objects, people, and practices) (Wry, Lounsbury, and Jennings 2014). In our study, we adopt the framework of flexibility-control orientation in the competing value model (CVM) proposed by Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983).…”