Collaboration saves lives: bring on the pharmacists

Chiarello, Elizabeth; Rottnek, Fred

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmab135

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…The most obvious conclusion from these findings is that pharmacists would likely be far less inclined to police patients, and far more inclined to care for them, if they had access to treatment tools, could easily refer patients to treatment for pain and addiction, and could initiate medications for addiction treatment themselves (Chiarello 2021; Chiarello and Rottnek 2022). Studies that permit pharmacists to provide medications for addiction treatment under a physician’s supervision show promising outcomes (DiPaula and Menachery 2015; Mailloux et al 2021; Wu et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trojan Horse Technologies: Smuggling Criminal-Legal Logics into Healthcare Practice

Chiarello

2023

Am Sociol Rev

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In the throes of an intractable overdose crisis, U.S. pharmacists have begun to engage in an unexpected practice—policing patients. Contemporary sociological theory does not explain why. Theories of professions and frontline work suggest professions closely guard jurisdictions and make decisions based on the logics of their own fields. Theories of criminal-legal expansion show that non-enforcement fields have become reoriented around crime over the past several decades, but past work largely focuses on macro-level consequences. This article uses the case of pharmacists and opioids to develop a micro-level theory of professional field reorientation around crime, the Trojan Horse Framework. Drawing on 118 longitudinal and cross-sectional interviews with pharmacists in six states, I reveal how the use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)—surveillance technology designed for law enforcement but implemented in healthcare—in conjunction with a set of field conditions motivates pharmacists to police patients. PDMPs serve as Trojan horse technologies as their use shifts pharmacists’ routines, relationships with other professionals, and constructions of their professional roles. As a result, pharmacists route patients out of the healthcare system and leave them vulnerable to the criminal-legal system. The article concludes with policy recommendations and a discussion of future applications of the Trojan Horse Framework.

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