“…,in the expression, i=1,2,...,r1 is the population number of code for parameters, j=1,2,...,r2 is the sample number of initial input, (4) MMAS Manipulation This ACA is based on MMAS [6], but the global updating rule is modified. According to the updating thought in BWAS, pheromone updating is increased to the algorithm for the worst ant path.The specific steps are as follows:…”