Collaborative Power of Nrf2 and PPAR<i>γ</i> Activators against Metabolic and Drug‐Induced Oxidative Injury

Lee, Choong-Ho

doi:10.1155/2017/1378175

Cited by 134 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…PPARγ may bind to specific elements in the promoter region of genes it regulates, including Nrf2, catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). In contrast, Nrf2 can regulate PPARγ expression by binding to the PPARγ promoter in the sequence of antioxidant response elements (ARE) that are located in the -784/-764 and -916 regions of the PPARγ promoter [89,90]. The reduction in PPARγ expression in Nrf2 knockout mice provides confirmation of this regulation [91].…”

Section: Pparγ Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol

2019

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main pharmacologically active phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. CBD is non-psychoactive but exerts a number of beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The chemistry and pharmacology of CBD, as well as various molecular targets, including cannabinoid receptors and other components of the endocannabinoid system with which it interacts, have been extensively studied. In addition, preclinical and clinical studies have contributed to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of CBD for many diseases, including diseases associated with oxidative stress. Here, we review the main biological effects of CBD, and its synthetic derivatives, focusing on the cellular, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of CBD.Antioxidants 2020, 9, 21 2 of 20 Moreover, this phytocannabinoid accelerated wound healing in a diabetic rat model by protecting the endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [11]. In addition, by preventing the formation of oxidative stress in the retina neurons of diabetic animals, CBD counteracted tyrosine nitration, which can lead to glutamate accumulation and neuronal cell death [12].This review summarizes the chemical and biological effects of CBD and its natural and synthetic derivatives. Particular attention was paid to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD and its derivatives, bearing in mind the possibilities of using this phytocannabinoid to protect against oxidative stress and the consequences associated with oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids. Although CBD demonstrates safety and a good side effect profile in many clinical trials [4], all of the therapeutic options for CBD discussed in this review are limited in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular Structure of CBDCBD is a terpenophenol compound containing twenty-one carbon atoms, with the formula C 21 H 30 O 2 and a molecular weight of 314.464 g/mol (Figure 1). The chemical structure of cannabidiol, 2-[1R-3-methyl-6R-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1, 3-benzenediol, was determined in 1963 [13]. The current IUPAC preferred terminology is 2-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol. Naturally occurring CBD has a (−)-CBD structure [14]. The CBD molecule contains a cyclohexene ring (A), a phenolic ring (B) and a pentyl side chain. In addition, the terpenic ring (A) and the aromatic ring (B) are located in planes that are almost perpendicular to each other [15]. There are four known CBD side chain homologs, which are methyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl [16]. All known CBD forms (Table 1) have absolute trans configuration in positions 1R and 6R [16].

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Section: Pparγ Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol

2019

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“…The Nrf2 pathway plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress injury (24). Therefore, the protein expressions of Nrf2 (nuclear), Nrf2 (total) and its downstream molecule HO-1 in human melanocytes were analyzed to determine its role in PM2.5-induced oxidative stress injury.…”

Section: Pm25 Induces the Oxidative Stress Response In Human Melanocmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in human melanocytes

et al. 2020

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Recent growing evidence suggested that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has strong toxic effects on skin systems. However, the possible effects and the mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to further investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of PM2.5 on vitiligo. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human melanocytes (PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells) were exposed to PM2.5 (0-200 µg/ml) for 24 h. The cell viability of the three cell lines was measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The secretions of stem cell factor (SCF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HaCaT cells were evaluated by ELISA. The melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase activity, apoptosis, cell migration, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and related protein expressions in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells were evaluated by a NaOH assay, DOPA assay, Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide staining, MDA assay, SOD assay, GSH-Px assay and western blotting, respectively. It was demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure inhibited cell viability of all three cell lines (HaCaT, PIG1 and PIG3V cells). PM2.5 exposure attenuated the secretions of SCF and bFGF in HaCaT cells. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure attenuated the activation of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, inhibited cell migration, and induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. In addition, PM2.5 exposure caused upregulated cytosolic cytochrome C and activated caspase-3 in PIG1 cells and PIG3V cells. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. The present results suggested that PM2.5 exposure could inhibit the secretions of SCF and bFGF in keratinocytes, and cause oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in melanocytes. Therefore, PM2.5 could be a new risk factor for vitiligo. PM2.5 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in human melanocytes

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“…Additionally, increased evidence suggested that Nrf2 signaling pathway is an important modulator in anti-inflammatory responses. The activation of Nrf2 signaling was showed to prevent inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration and reduce organ injuries [27]. Therefore, we investigate whether MitoQ can protect against LPS-induced oxidative insults through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

MitoQ Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via Regulating Nrf2 Signaling

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background. Gut barrier dysfunction with alterant mucosal permeability during sepsis is a challenge problem in clinical practice. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are strongly involved in mucosal oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of MitoQ, a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, in the treatment of intestinal injury and its potential mechanism during sepsis. Methods. 30 minutes before sepsis induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, mice were treated with MitoQ. Intestinal histopathology, mucosal permeability, inflammatory cytokines, and mucosal barrier proteins were evaluated in the present study. Results. MitoQ pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of plasma diamine oxidase, D-lactate, and intestinal histological damage and markedly restored the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) following LPS challenge. Furthermore, MitoQ inhibited the LPS-induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory response, evidenced by increased levels of intestinal superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decreased levels of intestinal IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide levels. Mechanically, we found that MitoQ inhibited the oxidative stress via activating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and its downstream antioxidant genes, including HO-1, NQO-1, and GCLM. Conclusions. MitoQ exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects against sepsis-associated gut barrier injury by promoting Nrf2 signaling pathway.

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Collaborative Power of Nrf2 and PPARγ Activators against Metabolic and Drug‐Induced Oxidative Injury

Cited by 134 publications

References 111 publications

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol

PM2.5 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress injury and melanin metabolic disorder in human melanocytes

MitoQ Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via Regulating Nrf2 Signaling

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