Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Collagen is commonly used as a regenerative biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility and wide distribution in tissues. Different kinds of hybridization or cross-links are favored to offer improvements to satisfy various needs of biomedical applications. Previous reviews have been made to introduce the sources and structures of collagen. In addition, biological and mechanical properties of collagen-based biomaterials, their modification and application forms, and their interactions with host tissues are pinpointed. However, there is still no review about collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering. Therefore, we aim to summarize and discuss the progress of collagen-based materials for tissue regeneration applications in this review. We focus on the utilization of collagen-based biomaterials for bones, cartilages, skin, dental, neuron, cornea, and urological applications and hope these experiences and outcomes can provide inspiration and practical techniques for the future development of collagen-based biomaterials in related application fields. Moreover, future improving directions and challenges for collagen-based biomaterials are proposed as well.

Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Incorporated with Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Enhanced Osteogenesis

“…It is well established that ALP activity and the development of mineralized nodules correspond to the early and late phases (after 14 days) of biological cell osteogenic differentiation, respectively. 31 Herein, the osteogenic capacity and the formation of mineralized nodules were analyzed via ALP staining and alizarin red S staining (ARS). According to the findings of ALP staining (Figure 5), it was revealed that the 200 BP/CPC group expressed more ALP than those treated with CPC.…”

Pomegranate Polyphenol-Derived Injectable Therapeutic Hydrogels to Enhance Neuronal Regeneration

“…Subsequently, after optimizing the mechanical modulus of the HA-TYR hydrogels, COL was introduced to improve the cytocompatibility of the hydrogel for the neural tissue applications (Figure a,“ii”). Combining an HA and COL network into the hydrogel network can be expected to ensure a synergistic effect of the hydrogel inks on the enhancement of neuronal regrowth and differentiation. , Although the COL at a high concentration (e.g., 0.2 mg mL –1 ) could decrease the G ′ value to 166.5 ± 20.7 Pa and increase the tan δ to 0.178 ± 0.007 compared to those of the HA-TYR hydrogel without COL ( G ′ = 271.2 ± 38.2 Pa, tan δ = 0.027 ± 0.006) due to inhibition of the enzymatic reaction by steric hindrance of the COL, addition of the low COL (e.g., 0.1 mg mL –1 ) retained the intrinsic modulus of the HA-TYR hydrogels ( G ′ = 305.9 ± 12.1 Pa, tan δ = 0.024 ± 0.013) (Figure c). Therefore, we utilized the HA-TYR/COL hydrogels with 2 w/v% HA-TYR at the [H 2 O 2 ]/[TYR] ratio of 0.1 and 0.1 mg mL –1 COL.…”

Antimicrobial and Biodegradable 3D Printed Scaffolds for Orthopedic Infections

“…The complex and customized shapes are still a bigger challenge for 3D bioprinters. 121 Regarding all present substantial vascularization structures, integration with host tissue, and, to date, economic viability, the usual challenges remain. In addition, the recent technological developments in the bone tissue engineering field create an exciting environment enabling further opportunities, but there is still a lack of clinical application of experimental results.…”