“…Besides this assumption it has also been concluded, since several years, that the primary crystal formations in the collagen-rich hard tissues are needles (rods; Boyde 1974;Hayashi 1984;Bonucci 1985;Katz et al 1989;Weiner et al 1991;Fratzl et al 1992;Traub et al 1992). Höhling et al (1970Höhling et al ( , 1971aHöhling et al ( ,b, 1981Höhling et al ( , 1990) have come to the conclusion that in developing dentine, enamel, bone, growth plate cartilage, and physiologically mineralising turkey tibia tendon, the primary crystal formations are thin Ca-phosphate chains, apatitic strands, composed of nanometer-sized particles. Their centre-to-centre distances represent the distances between nucleating sites, called active sites, along the matrix macromolecules.…”