Collagen Scaffolds Containing Hydroxyapatite-CaO Fiber Fragments for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Collagen (COL) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are the major components of bone, therefore, COL-HAp composites have been widely used as bone substitutes to promote bone regeneration. We have reported that HAp-CaO fibers (HANFs), which were fabricated by a sol-gel route followed by an electrospinning technique, possessed good drug-loading efficiency and limited the burst release of tetracycline. In the present study, we used HANF fragments to evaluate the effects of COL-HANF scaffolds on MG63 osteoblast-like cell behaviors. COL-HANF composite scaffolds in which the average diameter of HANFs was approximately 461 ± 186 nm were fabricated by a freeze-drying process. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the protein expression levels of OCN and BSP showed that compared with COL alone, the COL-HANF scaffold promoted the differentiation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. In addition, the bone regeneration ability of the COL-HANF scaffold was examined by using a rabbit condylar defect model in vivo. The COL-HANF scaffold was biodegradable and promoted bone regeneration eight weeks after the operation. Hence, we concluded that the COL-HANF scaffold has potential as a bone graft for bone tissue engineering.

Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite Electrospun Nanomembrane Materials Incorporated with Different Proportions of Attapulgite Synergistically Promote Bone Formation

“…HA is the primary inorganic component in bone tissue and has biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity; therefore, synthesized hydroxyapatite has been broadly used in tissue engineering applications, such as bone transplantation and drug carriers. 35 However, the effects of hydroxyapatite on BMSC differentiation and osteogenic induction are weak. 29 Moreover, its biobrittleness and low fracture toughness have limited its application.…”

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Bone Metastases and Primary Bone Tumors: An Up-to-Date Review

“…An ideal artificial graft must be biocompatible and biodegradable while supporting osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteointegration [3,160]. Additionally, the grafting material should lack carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, be well-tolerated by the organism, bioresorbable, hydrophilic, non-antigenic, non-toxic, affordable, easy to manipulate, sterile or sterilizable, and have excellent biomechanical characteristics [18,161].…”

“…Intensive research has also been directed to scaffolds made of bioceramics and their composites, as they have the necessary properties for biological activity in regard to cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Historically, their inherently low fracture toughness and strength limited their use in load-bearing applications, but the currently known variety of bioceramics composition has allowed the adjustment of these materials' mechanical features, bioactivity, and degradation rate [160,161,180,181]. Another possibility of producing scaffolds with tailored properties is developing composites containing different bioceramics and polymers in different ratios [161,178,179].…”

Applications of Polymeric Composites in Bone Tissue Engineering and Jawbone Regeneration

“…Despite the good biocompatibility, type I collagen is highly biodegradable and does not provide enough mechanical strength [ 52 ], although different forms of collagen barrier membranes have been tested in the resorption of bone regeneration (with differences from a few hours to 21 days) [ 60 ]. In most cases, however, this time degradation needs to be longer, the mechanical properties need to be enhanced, and other functions are desired to be supplied One example is the reinforcement of HA with CaO, which is then combined with collagen, showing potential as a bone graft with a longer time of post-operation bone regeneration [ 61 ]. Another approach is the design of multifunctional bone implants with gel silica plus Col/HA, for the treatment of diseases that require drug delivery besides implants [ 62 ].…”