Collateral axonal projections from hypothalamic hypocretin neurons to cardiovascular sites in nucleus ambiguus and nucleus tractus solitarius

Ciriello, John; McMurray, J.C.; Babic, Tanja; Oliveira, Cleusa V.R. de

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.016

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thirdly, HDA stimulation elicits rapid adenosine release in the NTS derived from extracellular ATP [20], presumably eliciting a β-adrenergic iliac vasodilation that is overridden by a vasopressinergic vasoconstriction [41,42]. Nonetheless, subunits of P2 receptors are expressed in NTS neurons of rat [14,15]; and the reductions in HVC responses seen here can be explained by blockade of input signals from the HDA to the NTS [7,8], independent of the pathways in control of AP and HR increases. averaged curve after combined blockade; in light gray, standard error of the mean.…”

Section: Hindlimb Vasodilation In Alerting-defense Responses Is Mediamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous anatomical studies [7,8] showed bilateral projections, predominantly ipsilateral, from the perifornical hypothalamus to the NTS and ventrolateral medulla.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The increase in vascular conductance is mediated by withdrawal of sympathetic tone and release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla [5,6]. Identified projections from HDA neurons to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) suggest that cardiovascular responses elicited by hypothalamic stimulation are mediated in the medulla [7][8][9]. Stimulation of the HDA produces excitatory post-synaptic potentials in neurons at the intermediate NTS of cat [10,11]; suggesting that the resulting rise in peripheral HVC can derive from activation of sympathoinhibitory pathways involved in the baroreflex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of medullary P2 and glutamate receptors mediates the vasodilation in the hindlimb of rat

Korim

Ferreira-Neto

Pedrino

et al. 2012

Purinergic Signalling

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In the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of rats, blockade of extracellular ATP breakdown to adenosine reduces arterial blood pressure (AP) increases that follow stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area (HDA). The effects of ATP on NTS P2 receptors, during stimulation of the HDA, are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether activation of P2 receptors in the NTS mediates cardiovascular responses to HDA stimulation. Further investigation was taken to establish if changes in hindlimb vascular conductance (HVC) elicited by electrical stimulation of the HDA, or activation of P2 receptors in the NTS, are relayed in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM); and if those responses depend on glutamate release by ATP acting on presynaptic terminals. In anesthetized and paralyzed rats, electrical stimulation of the HDA increased AP and HVC. Blockade of P2 or glutamate receptors in the NTS, with bilateral microinjections of suramin (10 mM) or kynurenate (50 mM) reduced only the evoked increase in HVC by 75 % or more. Similar results were obtained with the blockade combining both antagonists. Blockade of P2 and glutamate receptors in the RVLM also reduced the increases in HVC to stimulation of the HDA by up to 75 %. Bilateral microinjections of kynurenate in the RVLM abolished changes in AP and HVC to injections of the P2 receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP (20 mM) into the NTS. The findings suggest that HDA-NTS-RVLM pathways in control of HVC are mediated by activation of P2 and glutamate receptors in the brainstem in alerting-defense reactions.

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Section: Hindlimb Vasodilation In Alerting-defense Responses Is Mediamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous anatomical studies [7,8] showed bilateral projections, predominantly ipsilateral, from the perifornical hypothalamus to the NTS and ventrolateral medulla.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interaction of medullary P2 and glutamate receptors mediates the vasodilation in the hindlimb of rat

Korim

Ferreira-Neto

Pedrino

et al. 2012

Purinergic Signalling

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show abstract

“…[27][28][29] In addition, retrograde tract-tracing techniques combined with immuno-histochemistry were used to found that hypothalamic hcrt-1-containing neurons send collateral axonal projections to cardiovascular sites in the Amb in the rat. 30 In fact, the effect of neuroimmunomodulation on every region of the hypothalamus has been studied in detail. Destruction of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus with the neurotoxin monosodium glutamate results in depressed NKCC and proliferation of the large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and in the disappearance of its age-dependent pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Electrical Stimulation of Nucleus Ambiguus Enhances Immune Function in Rats

Mei¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2008

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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It is well known that there exists bidirectional regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system. [1][2][3] The CNS can have a widespread effect on the immune system following the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 4,5 and the sympathetic nervous system. 3,6,7 Thus far, many regions in the brain such as the hypothalamic nuclei, brain reward system, limbic structures, cortex, midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, cerebellum, circumventricular organs, and vagal complex have been identified as "immunoactive" areas. 8 The nucleus ambiguous (Amb), that is a nucleus of the vagus nerve, is located in the ventrolateral reticulate structure of the medulla oblongata. Thus far, probably owing to traditional ideas regarding this area, study of the Amb ABSTRACT: Background: Up to now, many ''immunoactive'' brain areas have been identified, such as hypothalamic nuclei, brain reward system; but the nucleus ambiguous (Amb), a nucleus nervi vagis of medulla oblongata, was less well studied in neuroimmunomodulation. Methods: In order to obtain more profound comprehension and more knowledge on Amb, we studied the effect of acute electrical stimulation of Amb on thymus and spleen activity in rat. A stimulator was applied to stimulate the Amb of the anaesthetic rats using the parameter at 100μA×5ms ×100 Hz every 1s for 1 min. The levels of TGF-β and thymosin-β4 mRNA in thymus, the release of IL-2 and IL-6 at splenocyte in vitro and splenic lymphocyte proliferation were measured at hour 0.5,1,2,3 following the electrical stimulation. Results: The results showed that concanavalin A (Con A)-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the release of IL-2 and IL-6 were all significantly enhanced at 0.5, 1, and 2 h following effective Amb stimulation as compared to in the control group. However, as compared to in the control group, the levels of TGF-β and thymosin-β4 mRNA in the thymus were both remarkably reduced at 0.5, 1, and 2 h following effective Amb stimulation. Conclusions: These findings reveal that the Amb participates in the modulation of animal immune functions.RÉSUMÉ: La stimulation électrique aiguë du noyau ambigu stimule la fonction immunitaire chez le rat. Contexte : Plusieurs zones immunoactives du cerveau ont été identifiées jusqu'à maintenant, dont les noyaux hypothalamiques (corps de Luys, noyau sous-thalamique), le système de récompense du cerveau. Cependant, il existe peu d'études sur le rôle du noyau ambigu (Amb), le noyau du nerf vague situé dans le bulbe rachidien, dans la neuro-immunomodulation. Méthodes

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“…A área hipotalâmica lateral (LH) é uma região relacionada a comportamentos de ataque e defesa (Weiner et al, 1993) que se projeta para núcleos pré-autonômicos (Ciriello et al, 2003;Larsen et al, 1994) Sakurai et al, 1998). A ORX inicialmente foi associada apenas a alterações do comportamento alimentar, posteriormente notou-se outros campos de atuação deste neuromediador e foi descrita a sua atuação decisiva na etiopatogenia da narcolepsia em ratos, cães e humanos, caracterizada por uma diminuição abrupta na quantidade dos neurônios produtores de ORX (Peyron et al, 2000;Thannickal et al, 2000;Siegel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Considerações Clínicasunclassified

Conexões e caracterização neuroquímica de vias neurais envolvidas com o controle dos movimentos mandibulares

Mascaro¹

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Collateral axonal projections from hypothalamic hypocretin neurons to cardiovascular sites in nucleus ambiguus and nucleus tractus solitarius

Cited by 65 publications

References 45 publications

Interaction of medullary P2 and glutamate receptors mediates the vasodilation in the hindlimb of rat

Interaction of medullary P2 and glutamate receptors mediates the vasodilation in the hindlimb of rat

Acute Electrical Stimulation of Nucleus Ambiguus Enhances Immune Function in Rats

Conexões e caracterização neuroquímica de vias neurais envolvidas com o controle dos movimentos mandibulares

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