Collection and determination of sulfur dioxide incorporating permeation and West-Gaeke procedure

Reiszner, Kenneth D.; West, Philip W.

doi:10.1021/es60078a001

Cited by 65 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…History of passive sampling starts early 70's with the development of devices able to accumulate atmospheric pollutants by diffusion (Palmes and Gunnison, 1973) or permeation (Reiszner and West, 1973). Two decades by then, the first passive samplers adapted for aquatic environments appear with the SPMD (Semipermeable Membrane Device; Huckins et al, 1990) used for sampling of non-polar organic compounds and then the DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin-film; Davison and Zhang, 1994) specific for inorganic contaminants such as metals and phosphates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests

et al. 2016

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Complexity of contaminants exposure needs to be taking in account for an appropriate evaluation of risks related to mixtures of pesticides released in the ecosystems. Toxicity assessment of such mixtures can be made through a variety of toxicity tests reflecting different level of biological complexity. This paper reviews the recent developments of passive sampling techniques for polar compounds, especially Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and Chemcatcher® and the principal assessment techniques using microalgae in laboratory experiments. The progresses permitted by the coupled use of such passive samplers and ecotoxicology testing as well as their limitations are presented. Case studies combining passive sampling devices (PSD) extracts and toxicity assessment toward microorganisms at different biological scales from single organisms to communities level are presented. These case studies, respectively, aimed (i) at characterizing the “toxic potential” of waters using dose-response curves, and (ii) at performing microcosm experiments with increased environmental realism in the toxicant exposure in term of cocktail composition and concentration. Finally perspectives and limitations of such approaches for future applications in the area of environmental risk assessment are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests

et al. 2016

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“…[20][21][22] The application of polymeric films for membrane extraction has attracted considerable interest due to the mechanical robustness and the diversity of the extraction solvents. Polymer membrane extraction as a means of sample preparation prior to the analytical instrument was suggested by Melcher et al [23][24][25] The application of polymer membranes for the separation of analytes by a partitioning mechanism can be traced back to mid 1970 when the utility of various membrane materials was explored for long-term air sampling 26 and for trace analysis of volatile compounds in air and water. 27 Automated flow-through systems utilizing homogeneous polymeric membranes in a sandwich and tube-in-shell configuration hyphenated with chromatographic analysis have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Flat Polymer Membrane Microextraction for the Continuous Detection of Trihalomethanes in Aqueous Matrices

Gal

Zhang

Nuţiu³

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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A module was developed for the continuous monitoring of volatile halogen organic pollutants in complex matrices. The module utilized a polymer membrane for extraction and a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for detection. The extraction of analytes (CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3) from samples was performed in a flow system mediated by a non-porous flat membrane. The effects of the phase-volume ratios, flow conditions, kinetics, analyte properties and matrices were assessed and optimized. The limits of detection were at low mg L -1 to ng L -1 levels, with GC-MS analysis under selected ion monitoring (SIM), whereas enrichment factors between 6 and 30 were achieved. Precision values calculated as repeatability and reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (%RSD, n = 5) of 7.2 to 9.5 after 30 min were obtained. The performance of the continuous membrane assisted solvent extraction system was compared with classical liquid-liquid extraction. The method was applied to the extraction of trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking-water samples.

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“…The proposed method utilizes a permeable membrane for sample collection, where the permeation rate is proportional to the external toxin concentration (6). For hydrogen cyanide, samples are collected in a 0.1N NaOH solution and at the end of the exposure are converted to a colored product and measured spectrophotometrically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A personal monitor for hydrogen cyanide employing permeation sampling

Hardy

West

1981

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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A method for the determination of personal exposure to hydrogen cyanide is described. Samples are collected by permeation through a silicone membrane into 10 mL 0.1N NaOH. The collected HCN (as CN -) is converted to a colored product and the resulting solution is measured spectrophotometrically. The HCN exposure (time-weighted-average) is then calculated. The detection limit of the method is 0.01 ppm (0.011 µg/m 3 at 20°C) for an 8 h exposure with a working range of 0.1-50 ppm. The device responds in less than 1 min and is unaffected by variations in humidity. Temperature effects were observed with a maximum error of ± 5% over the normal working range (0-45°C). The only significant interferences observed were from chlorine and cyanogen (-73.7 and +21.0% relative error respectively). The effects of the former were reduced to <-3% with the addition of ascorbic acid to the

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Collection and determination of sulfur dioxide incorporating permeation and West-Gaeke procedure

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests

Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests

Application of Flat Polymer Membrane Microextraction for the Continuous Detection of Trihalomethanes in Aqueous Matrices

A personal monitor for hydrogen cyanide employing permeation sampling

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