Collection and fertilization potential of sperm from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra)

Abstract

In this study, semen was obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) from the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Three experimental series were conducted. First, semen was collected from four animals anesthetized with either tiletamine-zolazepam (TelazolB) or ketamine-HC1 (VetalarB) (five collections from each animal with each drug). Because of greater muscle relaxation and analgesia, we found tiletaminezolazepam to be an attractive alternative to ketamine-HC1 as an anesthetic agent for RPE in M. nigra. Second, semen was collected from another four animals at stimulation frequencies of either 30 Hz or 60 Hz (five collections from each animal at each frequency). There were no significant differences in sperm number, in percentage of sperm with progressive motility, in the current required for sample recovery between tiletaminezolazepam or ketamine-HC1 anesthesia, or between a 30 Hz or 60 Hz stimulation frequency. Third, to check for retrograde sperm loss, the bladders of four animals were emptied, flushed with sterile saline, and then infused with TALP-Hepes medium. After RPE, sperm numbers in the bladder were compared with those in the ejaculate. Although sperm were recovered from the bladder [1.6 (f 0.9) x lo6] (mean f SEMI, the numbers were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those in the ejaculate [49 (2 18) x lo6].The percentage of sperm with normal morphology in these samples was high (96.8 f 1.0%). The average sperm number in the 84 samples collected for this study was 33.8 (2 4.1) x lo6. In preliminary experiments, we found that M. nigra sperm will fertilize rhesus monkey oocytes (Macaca rnulatta) in vitro.

Abnormal morphology of vervet monkey sperm

“…The prevalence and rate of specific morphological abnormalities of sperm from wild-caught and colony-bred vervet monkeys is provided for the first time. Most features, including the rate of abnormal morphology, the types of abnormal forms, and the prevalence of tail abnormalities agree with what has been reported for other Old World and New World nonhuman primates [4,6,11,12,19,27]. Head defects appeared to be rare in all taxa investigated, which agrees with what has been found in this study for vervet monkey sperm.…”

“…A low rate of head abnormalities has also been reported for the sperm of marmosets, tamarins, and crested macaques [6,12,27]. Only three types of head abnormalities were observed in marmosets, including macro-and microcephalic and amorphous forms which included narrow, tapering, and round.…”

“…Tail abnormalities can be artifacts of drying, cooling, and contamination or the results of hypo-osmotic stress [ 11,301. Coiled and kinked tails were also common in sperm from Sulawesi macaques and Capuchins [4,27]. On the other hand, the most frequent abnormalities in sperm of tamarins were midpiece defects.…”

Coleta de sêmen em mico-leão-de-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) (Kuhl, 1820) através da eletroejaculação Callitrichidae primates

“…Observou-se que, estando os animais em condições anestésicas sugerida por Lee et al, (2003), o ponto ideal da estimulação encontra-se em torno de 4 Volts, embora na literatura os autores relataram variações de estímulos de 2 a até 100 Volts (Gould, et al, 1978, Ball, 1992, Thomson et al, 1992, Morrel et al, 1996a, Valle, 2002. Cui et al (1991) descreveram em Callithrix jacchus valores médios de 31,9 µL enquanto Cui (1996), na mesma espécie obteve em média 40,2 µL de ejaculado, pela técnica de eletroejaculação transretal.…”

In Vitro Manipulation of Nonhuman Primate Gametes for Embryo Production and Embryo Transfer.

“…Many methods have been attempted for the collection of nonhuman primate spermatozoa [14,29,35,38,50,61,62,98,118]. Of these, the two most commonly used methods are collecting from ejaculate semen and from the epididymis.…”