Collection and quantitation of methoxylated phenol tracers for atmospheric pollution from residential wood stoves

Hawthorne, Steven B.; Krieger, Mark S.; Miller, David J.; Mathiason, Mary B.

doi:10.1021/es00181a013

Cited by 187 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The proportions between specific methoxyphenols varied with combustion conditions, but were similar to those reported in an American study of chimney wood smoke [2]. The results in Table 2 are consistent with reported maximum proportions at lower temperatures for methoxyphenols than for the phenols without methoxyl groups [1,10].…”

Section: Smoke Samplessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The three isomeric ethylphenols and several isomeric dirnethylphenols were smaller components. Similar proportions between phenol and alkylphenols have been reported in chimney studies of wood smoke by other methods [2].…”

Section: Smoke Samplessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…On the other hand, they constitute as much as half of the amount of recorded compounds in smoke from the tiled stove. The methoxyphenols include vanillin and structurally related pleasant compounds [2,3]. They have antioxidant properties [4,5], which may even counteract hazardous effects of the smoke.…”

Section: Health Hazards Relative To Burning Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary major components from combustion of lignin in wood are methoxyphenols [2,3], which possess antioxidative properties [4,5]. The wood polysaccharides give rise to 1,6-anhydroglucose [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenols and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chimney Emissions from Traditional and Modern Residential Wood Burning

Kjällstrand¹,

Petersson²

2001

Environmental Technology

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The emissions from a traditional tiled stove consisted mainly of lignin-related methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, and 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose degradation. A wood stove of presently introduced energy-efficient design for residential heating and hot-water supply was shown to emit small amounts of methoxyphenols and anhydrosugars from primary wood pyrolysis. Secondary harmful components like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted a major portion of the organic emissions. It is concluded that differences in smoke composition are essential to consider in recommendations and rules for proper choices of wood burning devices.

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Section: Smoke Samplessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Smoke Samplessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Health Hazards Relative To Burning Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phenols and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chimney Emissions from Traditional and Modern Residential Wood Burning

Kjällstrand¹,

Petersson²

2001

Environmental Technology

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“…Other MPs were deemed unsuitable because their prevalence as food additives (vanillin and eugenol) is likely to confound their use as markers of inhaled wood smoke. In contrast, the lower molecular weight MPs (guaiacol, syringol, and their simple alkyl-substituted analogs) are relatively abundant in wood smoke (Hawthorne et al, 1989;Schauer et al, 2001), do not undergo extensive phase one metabolism (Miller et al, 1974;Ogata et al, 1995), and show potential utility as biomarkers of woodsmoke exposure. The lack of association between measured woodsmoke exposure and urinary syringols in our current study is in contrast to our earlier reports (Dills et al, 2006;Clark et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological monitoring of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters: A pilot study comparing urinary methoxyphenols with personal exposures to carbon monoxide, particular matter, and levoglucosan

Neitzel

Naeher

Paulsen

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Urinary methoxyphenols (MPs) have been proposed as biomarkers of woodsmoke exposure. However, few field studies have been undertaken to evaluate the relationship between woodsmoke exposure and urinary MP concentrations. We conducted a pilot study at the US Forest Service F Savannah River Site, in which carbon monoxide (CO), levoglucosan (LG), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposures were measured in wildland firefighters on prescribed burn days. Pre-and post-shift urine samples were collected from each subject, and cross-shift changes in creatinine-corrected urinary MP concentrations were calculated. Correlations between exposure measures and creatine-adjusted urinary MP concentrations were explored, and regression models were developed relating changes in urinary MP concentrations to measured exposure levels. Full-shift measurements were made on 13 firefighters over 20 work shifts in winter 2004 at the US Forest Service Savannah River site, a National Environmental Research Park. The average workshift length across the 20 measured shifts was 701 ± 95 min.LG and CO exposures were significantly correlated for samples where the filter measurement captured at least 60% of the work shift (16 samples), as well as for the smaller set of full-shift exposure samples (n ¼ 9). PM 2.5 and CO exposures were not significantly correlated, and LG and PM 2.5 exposures were only significantly correlated for samples representing at least 60% of the work shift. Creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations for 20 of the 22 MPs showed cross-shift increases, with 14 of these changes showing statistical significance. Individual and summed creatinine-adjusted guaiacol urinary MPs were highly associated with CO (and, to a lesser degree, LG) exposure levels, and random-effects regression models including CO and LG exposure levels explained up to 80% of the variance in cross-shift changes in summed creatinine-adjusted guaiacol urinary MP concentrations. Although limited by the small sample size, this pilot study demonstrates that urinary MP concentrations may be effective biomarkers of occupational exposure to wood smoke among wildland firefighters.

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Organic Gas Sampling

Zielińska¹,

Fujita²

1994

Environmental Sampling for Trace Analysis

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Collection and quantitation of methoxylated phenol tracers for atmospheric pollution from residential wood stoves

Cited by 187 publications

References 22 publications

Phenols and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chimney Emissions from Traditional and Modern Residential Wood Burning

Phenols and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chimney Emissions from Traditional and Modern Residential Wood Burning

Biological monitoring of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters: A pilot study comparing urinary methoxyphenols with personal exposures to carbon monoxide, particular matter, and levoglucosan

Organic Gas Sampling

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