Collection of Aerosolized Human Cytokines Using Teflon® Filters

McKenzie, Jennifer Helen; McDevitt, James; Fabian, M. Patricia; Hwang, Grace M.; Milton, Donald K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035814

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The main drawback of analyzing exhaled-breath condensate is likely associated with the difficulty to standardize sample collection. For this reason, new sample collection techniques are currently under development and investigation [13,43]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis in Real Time by Mass Spectrometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2014

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Background: It has been suggested that exhaled breath contains relevant information on health status. Objectives: We hypothesized that a novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique to analyze breath in real time could be useful to differentiate breathprints from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and controls (smokers and nonsmokers). Methods: We studied 61 participants including 25 COPD patients [Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages I-IV], 25 nonsmoking controls and 11 smoking controls. We analyzed their breath by MS in real time. Raw mass spectra were then processed and statistically analyzed. Results: A panel of discriminating mass-spectral features was identified for COPD (all stages; n = 25) versus healthy nonsmokers (n = 25), COPD (all stages; n = 25) versus healthy smokers (n = 11) and mild COPD (GOLD stages I/II; n = 13) versus severe COPD (GOLD stages III/IV; n = 12). A blind classification (i.e. leave-one-out cross validation) resulted in 96% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity (COPD vs. smoking controls), 88% sensitivity and 92% specificity (COPD vs. nonsmoking controls) and 92.3% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity (GOLD I/II vs. GOLD III/IV). Acetone and indole were identified as two of the discriminating exhaled molecules. Conclusions: We conclude that real-time MS may be a useful technique to analyze and characterize the metabolome of exhaled breath. The acquisition of breathprints in a rapid manner may be valuable to support COPD diagnosis and to gain insight into the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis in Real Time by Mass Spectrometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2014

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“…It also allows repeated sampling of the respiratory tract lining fluid from the small airways. Other methods to sample exhaled particles, based on collection by filters, by liquid impingement and by using wetted wall cyclones, have so far only been evaluated in experimental settings [295,300]; Teflon filters performed best, catching on average 20-30% of cytokines from a nebulised aerosol with spiked concentrations of cytokines [306]. The relatively low efficiency of particle collection by this method might explain why the concentration of these cytokines is below the detection limit of ELISA tests (while in EBC at least some of them are detectable).…”

Section: Particles In Exhaled Breathmentioning

confidence: 99%

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

et al. 2017

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Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for , official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management.Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members.Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised.Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

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“…Though volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath have been studied and reviewed in depth in recent decades [ 1 – 10 ], increasing interests are seen in studies on non-volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath of human volunteers. Biomarker collection approaches have been abundant yet at different collection efficiencies [ 11 , 12 ]. Among them is the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) method, where biomarkers, in the form of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) droplets from airway [ 13 ], are diluted approximately 20000-fold by condensed water vapor [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third and most recent means is electret filter that collects exhaled particles through electrostatic forces, Brownian diffusion, inertial impaction, and interception. The former two work on sub-micron particles (<1 μm) while the rest target bigger particles [ 11 ]. In human exhaled breath, most particles are charged (as their isoelectric points don’t equal to the pH of exhaled breath) or polarized by the electret filter with dimensions on the order of sub-microns [ 23 – 25 ], and thus allow for collection via electret filters using electrostatic forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collection of biomarkers such as influenza virus and human rhinovirus using electret filters has been attempted with success [ 26 , 27 ], but studies on the collection of protein biomarkers using this method are rarely seen. One study compares cytokine particle collection using electret filter to that using a SKC Biosampler ® and Omni 300 TM but without consideration of collection capability changes (especially in samples contain liquid particles such as human exhaled breath) of the electret filter [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collecting Protein Biomarkers in Breath Using Electret Filters: A Preliminary Method on New Technical Model and Human Study

Li¹,

Pi²,

Qiao³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Biomarkers in exhaled breath are useful for respiratory disease diagnosis in human volunteers. Conventional methods that collect non-volatile biomarkers, however, necessitate an extensive dilution and sanitation processes that lowers collection efficiencies and convenience of use. Electret filter emerged in recent decade to collect virus biomarkers in exhaled breath given its simplicity and effectiveness. To investigate the capability of electret filters to collect protein biomarkers, a model that consists of an atomizer that produces protein aerosol and an electret filter that collects albumin and carcinoembryonic antigen-a typical biomarker in lung cancer development- from the atomizer is developed. A device using electret filter as the collecting medium is designed to collect human albumin from exhaled breath of 6 volunteers. Comparison of the collecting ability between the electret filter method and other 2 reported methods is finally performed based on the amounts of albumin collected from human exhaled breath. In conclusion, a decreasing collection efficiency ranging from 17.6% to 2.3% for atomized albumin aerosol and 42% to 12.5% for atomized carcinoembryonic antigen particles is found; moreover, an optimum volume of sampling human exhaled breath ranging from 100 L to 200 L is also observed; finally, the self-designed collecting device shows a significantly better performance in collecting albumin from human exhaled breath than the exhaled breath condensate method (p<0.05) but is not significantly more effective than reported 3-stage impactor method (p>0.05). In summary, electret filters are potential in collecting non-volatile biomarkers in human exhaled breath not only because it was simpler, cheaper and easier to use than traditional methods but also for its better collecting performance.

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Collection of Aerosolized Human Cytokines Using Teflon® Filters

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Breath Analysis in Real Time by Mass Spectrometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Breath Analysis in Real Time by Mass Spectrometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

Collecting Protein Biomarkers in Breath Using Electret Filters: A Preliminary Method on New Technical Model and Human Study

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