The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), so named for its blood-curdling, nocturnal shrieks and snarls, is the largest of the carnivorous marsupials. Although once widely persecuted, concerted efforts are now being made to save the devil from extinction following the emergence of a fatal transmissible malignancy known as devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). DFTD is unusual in that the infectious agent is the cancer cell itself. This chapter discusses the aetiology and pathogenesis of DFTD as well as the profound impact the spread of DFTD has had on the devil's conservation status. Strategies for managing DFTD and conserving the devil will be explored and the contribution of new sequencing technology to the field of conservation genetics and genomics will be examined with regard to the Tasmanian devil and DFTD.
KeywordsTasmanian devil • Devil facial tumour disease • Wildlife disease • Conservation genetics • Genomics
The Tasmanian Devil and the Emergence of DFTDThe Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), is the largest of the Dasyuridae, a speciose and morphologically diverse family of carnivorous marsupials that are represented in most terrestrial habitats in Australia and New Guinea (Crowther and Blacket, 2003). S. harrisii diverged in the mid Miocene, approximately 12.4 million years ago, and originally thrived on the Australian mainland (Krajewski et al., 2000). Tasmanian populations were separated from their mainland conspecifics after the formation of the Bass Strait 14,000 years ago (Lambeck and Chappell, 2001). Now the devil is confined to the island state; their extinction on mainland Australia