A lot of spintronic investigations deal with a control of electron spin decoherence and relaxation rate by means of electric and magnetic fields, temperature and structural features of semiconductor nanostruc tures [1]. It is also necessary to know spin relaxation mechanism and as far as possible to affect it. The main mechanism of spin relaxation in GaAs based quantum wells (QWs) is the D'yakonov-Perel' kinetic mecha nism [2]. It is caused by the lack of inversion center: (i) in the bulk semiconductor of which the system is made (bulk inversion asymmetry, or BIA), (ii) in the hetero structure (structure inversion asymmetry, or SIA) and (iii) in the chemical bonds at heterointerfaces (inter face inversion asymmetry, or IIA) [2][3][4]. Structure inversion asymmetry can be caused by an external electric field or by deformation, BIA and IIA depend strongly on a size of carrier confinement. Therefore, spin relaxation times can be controlled by gate voltage or by special heterostructure design.Earlier it was theoretically predicted [5] that anisotropy of electron spin relaxation could be observed in III-V nanostructures grown along the axis [001]. It has been demonstrated that the lifetimes of spins oriented along the axes [110], [ ], and [001] are different. In particular, by changing the relation between SIA and BIA one can achieve a total suppres sion of relaxation for the spin oriented along one of [110] axes. Detailed calculations [6] confirmed that the spin relaxation anisotropy exists in real semicon ductor heterostructures. The implementation of such idea to control spin relaxation times gives new oppor tunities for spintronics. The mentioned anisotropy was observed in several experiments [7][8][9]. ¶ The article is published in the original.
110Among the quasi two dimensional objects based on semiconductor heterostructures, coupled quantum wells (CQW) with bias are of special interest because they provide spatial separation of photoexcited elec trons and holes in neighboring quantum wells. GaAs/AlGaAs CQW with bias allow one to tune the electron hole overlap integral through the tunneling barrier height and hence to control the electrons escape from a quantum well due to radiative annihila tion with holes. Additionally, such nanostructures are capable of affecting the structure inversion asymmetry, which is useful for controlling the electron spin relax ation mechanism [10].In reality all the semiconductor heterostructures have different types of crystal imperfection-residual impurities, interface fluctuations and others which cause random potential fluctuations. This results in the localization of electrons in the quantum well plane. It was recently shown that localized and nonlo calized electrons can have dramatically different spin dephasing times [11]. In addition authors of [12] have discovered that the carrier localization leads to the sat uration of spin relaxation times at 45 ns for electrons below 4.5 K and at 2 ns for holes below 2.3 K in a n doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum well.Our previous study [10...