Collective effect of damage prevention in taenioglossan radular teeth is related to the ecological niche in Paludomidae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea)

Krings, Wencke; Kovalev, Alexander; Gorb, Stanislav N.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.073

Cited by 24 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Our results indicate that centrals are not affected by stress and strain, marginals are highly affected, and laterals are intermediate [55]. (v) By breaking stress experiments, documenting the force needed to break teeth, we found that centrals are capable of resisting the highest stresses, followed by the laterals, and finally marginal teeth [56,57]. During these experiments, we observed that native (wet) centrals and laterals can interlock with adjacent teeth and thus resist higher stresses (collective effect), whereas the wet (native) marginal teeth are capable of twisting and bending.…”

Section: Function Of Radular Partsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…By almost all manipulations of the model, we observed a tight interlocking and formation of a stiff array due to the interaction of the laterals, which is clearly a kind of 'collective effect' leading to a proper stress distribution and thus to the reduction of the structural failure, when interacting with ingesta (for stress distribution through the interlocking of teeth, see also [2,32,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]). The centrals usually do not form a stiff array with the adjacent central teeth but enable the stabilization of each transversal tooth row by lateral interlocking with the lateral teeth.…”

Section: Function Of Radular Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By finite-element analysis (FEA), three-dimensional morphology can be consolidated with material property data, resulting in computer-aided simulations of an individual structure's mechanical behaviour [55]. Our approach was strictly computer-based first, but meanwhile subsequently translated into the physical world in form of breaking stress experiments on real radulae, where the shear load was applied to individual tooth cusps of the whole radula with a needle, measuring simultaneously the breaking force and documenting behaviour of teeth (bending, twisting and relying on other teeth) [56,57]. These experiments partially verified the previous computerbased FEA simulations, but additionally, we discovered that significantly higher force was needed to break wet teeth than dry ones, even though wet biological materials are usually softer than dry ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology

Krings

Karabacak

Gorb

2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The radula is the structure used for food processing in Mollusca. It can consist of a membrane with stiffer teeth, which is, together with alary processus, muscles and odontophoral cartilages, part of the buccal mass. In malacology, it is common practice to infer potential tooth functions from morphology. Thus, past approaches to explain functional principles are mainly hypothesis driven. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a workflow testing hypotheses on the function of teeth and buccal mass components and interaction of structures, which can contribute to understanding the structure as a whole. Here, in a non-conventional approach, we introduce a physical and dynamic radular model, based on morphological data of Spekia zonata (Gastropoda, Paludomidae). Structures were documented, computer-modelled, three-dimensional-printed and assembled to gather a simplistic but realistic physical and dynamic radular model. Such a bioinspired design enabled studying of radular kinematics and interaction of parts when underlain supporting structures were manipulated in a similar manner as could result from muscle contractions. The presented work is a first step to provide a constructional manual, paving the way for even more realistic physical radular models, which could be used for understanding radular functional morphology and for the development of novel gripping devices.

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Section: Function Of Radular Partsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Function Of Radular Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology

Krings

Karabacak

Gorb

2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…We thus propose that specific cross-linking conditions of the chitin due to tanning 1 , fiber arrangement, and density 22 , 23 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 88 , 143 – 145 rather cause the heterogeneities in mechanical properties. We previously also detected that the capability of wet teeth to rely on one another and to redistribute the mechanical stress increases the radula’s resistance to structural failure in paludomid gastropods 146 , 147 . This altogether probably enables the feeding on harder ingesta types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Elemental analyses reveal distinct mineralization patterns in radular teeth of various molluscan taxa

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Sci Rep

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The molluscan phylum is the second specious animal group with its taxa feeding on a variety of food sources. This is enabled by the radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth, one important autapomorphy. Between species, radulae can vary in their morphology, mechanical, and chemical properties. With regard to chemical composition, some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) were studied extensively in the past decades, due to their specificity to incorporate high proportions of iron, calcium, and silicon. There is, however, a huge lack of knowledge about radular composition in other taxa. The work presented aims at shedding light on the chemistry by performing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses on 24 molluscan species, thereof two Polyplacophora, two Cephalopoda, and 20 Gastropoda, which was never done before in such a comprehensiveness. The elements and their proportions were documented for 1448 individual, mature teeth and hypotheses about potential biomineralization types were proposed. The presented work additionally comprises a detailed record on past studies about the chemical composition of molluscan teeth, which is an important basis for further investigation of the radular chemistry. The found disparity in elements detected, in their distribution and proportions highlights the diversity of evolutionary solutions, as it depicts multiple biomineralization types present within Mollusca.

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“…A proper stress distribution, reducing high local stress, is probably enabled by the inner structure of the tooth, i.e. fibre orientation [ 48 , 100 ], and the radular membrane itself [ 2 , 25 , 100 , 101 ], as the wet membrane enables a higher bending capability of the tooth [ 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the elemental composition and the biomechanics of radular teeth in the chiton Lepidochitona cinerea

2022

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Background The radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth, is one important molluscan autapomorphy. In some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) one tooth type (the dominant lateral tooth) was studied intensively in the last decades with regard to its mechanical properties, chemical and structural composition, and the relationship between these parameters. As the dominant lateral tooth is probably one of the best studied biological materials, it is surprising, that data on elements and mechanical properties of the other tooth types, present on a chiton radula, is lacking. Results We provide data on the elemental distribution and mechanical properties (hardness and elasticity, i.e. Young’s modulus) of all teeth from the Polyplacophora Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767) [Chitonidae: Ischnochitonidae]. The ontogeny of elements, studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and of the mechanical properties, determined by nanoindentation, was analysed in every individual tooth type. Additionally, we performed breaking stress experiments with teeth under dry and wet condition, highlighting the high influence of the water content on the mechanical behaviour of the radula. We thereby could determine the forces and stresses, teeth can resist, which were previously not studied in representatives of Polyplacophora. Overall, we were able to relate the mineral (iron, calcium) content with the mechanical parameters (hardness and Young’s modulus) and the breaking force and stress in every tooth type. This led to a better understanding of the relationship between structure, material, and function in radular teeth. Further, we aimed at determining the role of calcium for the mechanical behaviour of the teeth: we decalcified radulae by ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and performed afterwards elemental analyses, breaking stress experiments, and nanoindentation. Among other things, we detected that wet and decalcified radular teeth could resist highest forces, since teeth have a higher range of bending motion leading to a higher capability of teeth to gain mechanical support from the adjacent tooth row. This indicates, that the tooth material is the result of a compromise between failure reduction and the ability to transfer forces onto the ingesta. Conclusion We present novel data on the elemental composition, mechanical properties, and the mechanical behaviour of chiton teeth, which allows conclusions about tooth function. We could also relate the parameters mentioned, which contributes to our understanding on the origins of mechanical property gradients and the processes reducing structural failure in radular teeth. Additionally, we add more evidence, that the elemental composition of radular is probably species-specific and could be used as taxonomic character.

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Collective effect of damage prevention in taenioglossan radular teeth is related to the ecological niche in Paludomidae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea)

Cited by 24 publications

References 77 publications

From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology

From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology

Elemental analyses reveal distinct mineralization patterns in radular teeth of various molluscan taxa

Ontogeny of the elemental composition and the biomechanics of radular teeth in the chiton Lepidochitona cinerea

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