Collective Factors Reinforce Individual Contributions to Human‐Wildlife Coexistence

Nesbitt, Holly K.; Metcalf, Alexander L.; Lubeck, Alice; Metcalf, Elizabeth Covelli; Beckman, Crystal; Smith, Ada P.; Cummins, Tina M.

doi:10.1002/jwmg.22061

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Coexistence of people and wildlife is possible [59] and is a dynamic process [60]. Human behaviors can help facilitate coexistence between humans and wildlife, which in turn can mitigate conflicts [61][62][63][64][65]. Our findings demonstrate that variations in environmental factors including drought, and conflicts within parks early in the year could be a warning of increased frequency of high or moderate severity conflicts later in the year.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Our findings demonstrate that variations in environmental factors including drought, and conflicts within parks early in the year could be a warning of increased frequency of high or moderate severity conflicts later in the year. As unsecured human foods and edible garbage are primary causes of human-black bear conflicts [28][29][30][31]66], it is important to secure attractants (i.e., removing food sources or establishing physical barriers [62,65,67]) to facilitate coexistence of humans and black bears, which can mitigate the frequency and severity of conflicts.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing frequency and severity of human-American black bear conflicts in New York, USA

et al. 2023

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Free-ranging large carnivores are involved in human-wildlife conflicts which can result in economic costs. Understanding factors that lead to human-wildlife conflicts is important to mitigate these negative effects and facilitate human-carnivore coexistence. We used a human-American black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict database maintained by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to determine whether drought, conflicts within the Adirondack and Catskill Parks as compared to outside of these parks, mild severity (Class 3) conflicts early in the year (April–June), and bear harvest in the previous year (as an index of bear abundance), were associated with greater frequency of high or moderate severity (Class 1–2) conflicts later in the year (July–September) across New York, USA. During 2006–2019, we obtained 3,782 mild severity conflict records early in the year, and 1,042 high or moderate severity records later in the year. We found that a one standard deviation increase in the cumulative precipitation difference from mean early in the year (about 7.59 cm) coincided with a 20% decrease in conflicts, and that Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) within the parks were predicted to have 5.61 times as many high or moderate severity conflicts as WMUs outside the parks. We also found that a one standard deviation increase in the frequency of mild severity conflicts (equivalent to 5.68 conflicts) early in the year coincided with an increase in the frequency of high or moderate severity conflicts in a WMU later in the year by 49%, while a one standard deviation increase in the bear abundance index in the previous year (0.14 bears/10 km2) coincided with a 23% increase in high or moderate severity conflicts. To reduce the frequency and severity of conflicts to facilitate human-black bear coexistence, we recommend the following measures to be taken in place consistently and build over time in local communities: (i) further reducing black bear access to anthropogenic foods and other attractants, (ii) non-lethal measures including bear-resistant waste management, (iii) electric fencing, and (iv) modifying placement or configuration of field crops.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing frequency and severity of human-American black bear conflicts in New York, USA

et al. 2023

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“…We used two different scales for explanatory variables from our database [89], dichotomous and trichotomous, for the evaluation of the presence of bears in Prahova Valley, the attitude of the respondents towards the bears in terms of perceptions of fear, the attitude towards the feeding of bears, and the role of mass media in awakening the emotions and attitudes of the respondents during the HBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with Bears in Prahova Valley, Romania: An Integrative Analysis

Cimpoca,

Voiculescu,

Creţan

et al. 2024

Animals

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Our research focuses on a complex and integrative analysis of bear presence in four tourist resorts in Prahova Valley, Romania: Sinaia, Bușteni, Azuga and Predeal. Employing innovative mixed methods, including questionnaires, interviews, newspaper analysis, and consideration of the local toponymy, including bear-related names and souvenirs, we aim to highlight the extent to which a posthumanist attitude is evident in the region. The sustained appearance of bears is attributed to habitat invasion through deforestation, road construction, residential neighborhoods, and tourist infrastructure. Ambiguity arises from the presence of food sources and voluntary feeding both by locals and tourists. The mass media initially heightened fear and panic during the onset of human–bear interactions but later adopted a more tolerant tone regarding the bear’s presence in tourist resorts, reflecting an openness to the posthumanist approach in Prahova Valley. That is why locals express fear and concern about bear encounters, advocating for a clear separation between animal and human spaces. Tourists exhibit attitudes ranging from unconscious appreciation to ambivalence, often contributing to the problem through practices such as feeding bears for fun. The use of bear-related names for tourist establishments is identified as anthropocentric, despite their appeal for attracting tourists. Souvenir sales, through increasing socio-economic value and contributing to tourist experiences, are also recognized as anthropocentric. However, souvenirs can provide elements of support for bear conservation efforts and the equal consideration of human and non-human entities. This study concludes that a successful adaptive coexistence requires a posthumanist vision, overcoming anthropocentrism in a landscape altered by human activities, supported by bear management programs in Bucegi Natural Park, and conservation efforts in Prahova Valley in a landscape altered by people.

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“…Imposing land use restrictions on local people can easily cause dissatisfaction and lead to management failure [60]. The interaction between humans and wildlife is a collective action involving public interests, so wildlife protection agencies need to strengthen their ties with landowners and the public to achieve the goal of protecting wildlife while protecting human safety [61].…”

Section: Document Co-citation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric Analysis on Conservation Land Trust and Implication for China

Chuan

Wang

2022

IJERPH

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Modern land protection and biodiversity conservation depend greatly on the application of land trust. With the accelerated development of land trust organizations, the land trust has become the most effective land conservation method. Land trusts have been widely used in the ecological protection of nature reserves abroad and have achieved remarkable results. The research on international land trusts has important reference value for the innovation of ecological protection models of China’s nature reserves. This study aims to explore the research hotspots of international land trust conservation, clarify the evolution of related knowledge, and provide a reference for domestically related theoretical research and practical work. The research results show the following: (1) From the perspective of the publication trend, the number of international research publications increased exponentially from 1997 to 2021, and the research involves a wide range of disciplines. (2) In terms of research hotspots, land trust and private land protection, the impact of and response to climate change, and the trust mechanism in collaborative governance constitute three hot research topics. (3) From the knowledge base of the research, the international land trust research has formed seven knowledge clusters with clear boundaries, and five key documents with the theme of conservation easements constitute an important knowledge base in this field. (4) Land trust conservation easement as private law can effectively make up for the deficiency of public law. These findings can provide help and reference for domestic land conservation, as well as the reform of China’s ecological civilization system.

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Collective Factors Reinforce Individual Contributions to Human‐Wildlife Coexistence

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Factors influencing frequency and severity of human-American black bear conflicts in New York, USA

Factors influencing frequency and severity of human-American black bear conflicts in New York, USA

Living with Bears in Prahova Valley, Romania: An Integrative Analysis

A Bibliometric Analysis on Conservation Land Trust and Implication for China

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