Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC

Song, Huichao; Zhou, Zhuo; Gajdosova, K. Krizkova

doi:10.1007/s41365-017-0245-4

Cited by 131 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(547 reference statements)

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“…It is obvious that the developed elliptic flow is larger for the Chain structure than for other patterns of 12 C and the developed triangular flow is more significant for the Triangle structure than for other patterns of 12 C at both √ s N N = 200 GeV and 10 GeV. This is consistent with the view from hydrodynamical theory [10,67,68] that collective flow results from the initial coordinate asymmetry. The freeze-out partons are converted to hadrons through a naive coalescence model [45] and here these hadrons do not yet participate hadronic rescattering.…”

Section: Model and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Hydrodynamical calculation suggested how the initial geometry distribution (fluctuation) transforms into final flow observables in a heavy-ion collision [10,74,75]. And the relationship between initial geometry eccentricity coefficients and flow coefficients are suggested as,…”

Section: Panel (D) and (H) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observables, such as collective flow [6][7][8][9][10], Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation [11][12][13][14], chiral electric-magnetic effects [15][16][17][18] and fluctuation [19][20][21], are sensitive to not only properties of the hot-dense matter but also initial state of pre-collision system. The initial geometrical fluctuation can significantly contribute on collective flow, which attracts some theoretical attentions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial geometrical fluctuation can significantly contribute on collective flow, which attracts some theoretical attentions. Hydrodynamical model [10,[22][23][24][25][26] can describe the initial state fluctuation event by event and address its effect on collective flow and viscosity. AMPT model [27][28][29] can present initial geometry fluctuations of partons created in Au+Au collisions and give the quantitative description of the elliptic and triangular flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. C

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The initial geometry effect on collective flows, which are inherited from initial projectile structure, is studied in relativistic heavy-ion collisions of 12 C + Au by using a multi-phase transport model (AMPT). Elliptic flow (v2) and triangular flow (v3) which are significantly resulted from the chain and triangle structure of 12 C with three-α clusters, respectively, in central 12 C+ 197 Au collisions are compared with the flow from the Woods-Saxon distribution of nucleons in 12 C. v3/v2 is proposed as a probe to distinguish the pattern of α-clustered 12 C. This study demonstrates that the initial geometry of the collision zone inherited from nuclear structure can be explored by collective flow at the final stage in heavy-ion collisions.

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Section: Model and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Panel (D) and (H) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. C

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“…energy and entropy density) and transport coefficients of the system (such as shear viscosity over entropy density ratio, η/s). The recent measurements of correlations between different order flow coefficients and flow angles [23,30], together with the comparisons to theoretical calculations, indicate that the matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions behaves as a nearly perfect fluid (almost zero η/s) whose constituent particles interact strongly [31].Traditionally the final-state symmetry plane angles are estimated event-by-event from the particle azimuthal distribution over a large range in p T . However, hydrodynamic calculations indicate a p T dependence of the flow vector V n due to event-by-event fluctuations in the initial energy density of the nuclear collisions [32,33].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Searches for transverse momentum dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at the LHC

Acharya¹,

Adamová²,

Adolfsson³

et al. 2017

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The measurement of azimuthal correlations of charged particles is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV and p-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. These correlations are measured for the second, third and fourth order flow vector in the pseudorapidity region |η| < 0.8 as a function of centrality and transverse momentum p T using two observables, to search for evidence of p T -dependent flow vector fluctuations. For Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV, the measurements indicate that p T -dependent fluctuations are only present for the second order flow vector. Similar results have been found for p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV. These measurements are compared to hydrodynamic model calculations with event-by-event geometry fluctuations in the initial state to constrain the initial conditions and transport properties of the matter created in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions. The ALICE collaboration 26 Keywords: Heavy Ion Experiments IntroductionThe primary goal of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is to study the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a state of matter predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics to exist at high temperatures and energy densities [1,2]. An important experimental observable used to accomplish this goal is the azimuthal anisotropy of particles emitted in the transverse plane. In non-central heavy-ion collisions, the overlap region of the Lorentzcontracted nuclei is roughly almond-shaped. Nucleons contained in such anisotropic overlap region interact with each other and give rise to a system of high energy density which expands anisotropically. These interactions convert the initial spatial asymmetry into a final-state momentum anisotropy of the produced particles, a phenomenon referred to as collective anisotropic flow [3][4][5]. Anisotropic flow is characterised using a Fourier decomposition of the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the flow symmetry planes [6, 7] 1) where N is the number of produced particles, E is the energy, p the momentum, p T the transverse momentum, ϕ the azimuthal angle and η the pseudorapidity of the particle. The n th order flow (vector) V n is defined as: V n ≡ v n e inΨn , where v n is the flow coefficient, and Ψ n represents the azimuth of V n in momentum space (flow angle). For a uniform matter distribution in the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision, Ψ n for n ≥ 1 coincides with the reaction plane defined by the beam direction and impact parameter. Due to event-by-event fluctuations of the participating nucleons distribution inside the overlap region, the Ψ n may -1 - JHEP09(2017)032deviate from the reaction plane and the odd flow coefficients v 2n−1 are non-vanishing [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Large flow coefficients were observed at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) [15][16][17][18] and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. These measurements constrain the initial conditions (e.g. energy and entropy density) and transpo...

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Higher harmonic non-linear flow modes of charged hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Acharya¹,

Adamová²,

Adler³

et al. 2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Anisotropic flow coefficients, v n , non-linear flow mode coefficients, χ n,mk , and correlations among different symmetry planes, ρ n,mk are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV. Results obtained with multi-particle correlations are reported for the transverse momentum interval 0.2 < p T < 5.0 GeV/c within the pseudorapidity interval 0.4 < |η| < 0.8 as a function of collision centrality. The v n coefficients and χ n,mk and ρ n,mk are presented up to the ninth and seventh harmonic order, respectively. Calculations suggest that the correlations measured in different symmetry planes and the non-linear flow mode coefficients are dependent on the shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios of the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. The comparison between these measurements and those at lower energies and calculations from hydrodynamic models places strong constraints on the initial conditions and transport properties of the system.

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Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC

Cited by 131 publications

References 248 publications

Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions

Nuclear cluster structure effect on elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions

Searches for transverse momentum dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at the LHC

Higher harmonic non-linear flow modes of charged hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

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