Collective Radiation Biodosimetry for Dose Reconstruction of Acute Accidental Exposures: A Review

Pass, Barry

doi:10.2307/3433639

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This method was used for Japanese atomic-bomb survivors and Chernobyl victims. Further development of individual techniques along with an integrated approach using multiple techniques is required to improve detection limits and improve the time needed for dose assessment in large populations that can be used immediately and retrospectively following external radiation exposure [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers following whole-body irradiation in mice

et al. 2020

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Dose assessment is an important issue for radiation emergency medicine to determine appropriate clinical treatment. Hematopoietic tissues are extremely vulnerable to radiation exposure. A decrease in blood cell count following radiation exposure is the first quantitative bio-indicator using hematological techniques. We further examined induction of oxidative stress biomarkers in residual lymphocytes to identify new biomarkers for dosimetry. In vivo whole-body radiation to mice exposed to 5 Gy significantly induces DNA double-strand breaks, which were visualized by γ-H2AX in mouse blood cells. Mouse blood smears and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from irradiated mice were used for immunostaining for oxidative biomarkers, parkin or Nrf2. Parkin is the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is normally localized in the cytoplasm, is relocated to abnormal mitochondria with low membrane potential (ΔΨm), where it promotes clearance via mitophagy. Nrf2 transcription factor controls the major cellular antioxidant responses. Both markers of oxidative stress were more sensitive and persistent over time than nuclear DNA damage. In conclusion, parkin and Nrf2 are potential biomarkers for use in radiation dosimetry. Identification of several biological markers which show different kinetics for radiation response is essential for radiation dosimetry that allows the assessment of radiation injury and efficacy of clinical treatment in emergency radiation incidents. Radiation-induced oxidative damage is useful not only for radiation dose assessment but also for evaluation of radiation risks on humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers following whole-body irradiation in mice

et al. 2020

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“…A number of different techniques have been reported for radiation biodosimetry, including detection of induced chromosomal abnormalities (Wilkins et al 2008;Moroni et al 2010) and electron paramagnetic resonance in teeth. However, there is a general consensus that a richer set of biological measures is necessary, as each mode of response has its own particular benefits and limitations (Pass 1997). However, there is a general consensus that a richer set of biological measures is necessary, as each mode of response has its own particular benefits and limitations (Pass 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Biomarkers of Whole-body Gamma Irradiation in the Göttingen Minipig

Phillips¹,

Cataneo²,

Chaturvedi³

et al. 2015

Health Physics

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There is widespread interest in the development of tools to estimate radiation exposures. Exhaled breath provides a novel matrix for assessing biomarkers that could be correlated with exposures. The use of exhaled breath for estimating radiation exposure is warranted, as studies have shown that external exposure to ionizing radiation causes oxidative stress that accelerates lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, liberating alkanes and alkane metabolites that are excreted in the breath as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As a proof of principle study, small groups (n = 4) of Göttingen minipigs were whole-body irradiated with gamma rays delivered by a 60Co source at absorbed doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 2, and 4 Gy. Additional groups (n = 4) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), with and without concurrent 60Co exposure, at an absorbed dose of 1 Gy. Breath and background air VOC samples were collected on days -3, -2, -1, 0 pre-irradiation, then at 0.25, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h post-irradiation. VOCs were analyzed by automated thermal desorption with two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATD GCxGC TOF MS). The results show significant changes in 58 breath VOCs post-irradiation, mainly consisting of methylated and other derivatives of alkanes, alkenes, and benzene. Using a multivariate combination of these VOCs, a radiation response function was constructed, which was significantly elevated at 15 min post irradiation and remained elevated throughout the study (to 168 h post irradiation). As a binary test of radiation absorbed doses ≥ 0.25 Gy, the radiation response function distinguished irradiated animals from shams (0 Gy) with 83-84% accuracy. A randomly derived radiation response function was robust: When half of the biomarkers were removed, accuracy was 75%. An optimally derived function with two biomarkers was 82% accurate. As a binary test of radiation absorbed doses ≥ 0.5 Gy, the radiation response function identified irradiated animals with an accuracy of 87% at 15 min post irradiation and 75.5% at 168 h post irradiation. Treatment with LPS and G-CSF did not affect the radiation response function. This proof-of-principle study supports the hypothesis that breath VOCs may be used for estimating radiation exposures. Further studies will be required to validate the sensitivity and specificity of these potential biomarkers.

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The Current Status of Biological Dosimeters

Phillips¹,

Chambers²

2001

Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, Second Edition

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Collective Radiation Biodosimetry for Dose Reconstruction of Acute Accidental Exposures: A Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers following whole-body irradiation in mice

Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers following whole-body irradiation in mice

Breath Biomarkers of Whole-body Gamma Irradiation in the Göttingen Minipig

The Current Status of Biological Dosimeters

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