BACKGROUND: With the increasing demand for professionalism and specialization in college counselors (CCs), it is especially important to implement comprehensive professional ability building (PAB) of CCs. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes to provide institutional support for CCs’ PAB by establishing a sound CC career development system and improving the CC salary system, in order to better support college education. METHODS: Through research interviews, literature research and expert consultation, a questionnaire survey outline is set up from subjective, objective, and institutional factors. A random sampling method is adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on CCs and school students. Questionnaire results are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of reliability, validity and so on, and the influence factors of PAB for CCs are discussed. The research hypothesis is put forward, and the current situation of PAB is further summarized. RESULTS: It is found that CCs have a strong subjective willingness to build their PA, and the potential motivation of objective factors is sufficient. However, the existing system is not perfect, and job burnout such as diminished enthusiasm for work has appeared. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the existing research results, this paper combines PDCA Cycle theory with ideological and political education theory from the perspective of management science. Classical management methods are applied to the PAB system of CCs, and specific implementation countermeasures are presented according to the workflow construction model from decision-making to implementation, monitoring, and improvement.