College students' perceptions of mothers: Effects of maternal employment-childrearing pattern and motive for employment

Bridges, Judith S.; Etaugh, Claire

doi:10.1007/bf01560187

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This analysis can also be applied to "benevolent" stereotypes of women (Glick and Fiske 1996). Women are rated as more likable if they stay home with their children (Bridges and Etaugh 1995), but by doing so they may become less likely to obtain powerful, high-profile positions dominated by men (see also Rudman 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying is lame when he got game: racial stereotypes and the discouragement of Black student-athletes from schoolwork

Czopp

2010

Soc Psychol Educ

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Positive stereotypes appear favorable but may have negative consequences for the targets of such beliefs. Because such stereotypes often have prescriptive properties, stereotype-confirming behavior among targets may be perceived as especially appropriate and subsequently rewarded. Furthermore, targets may be actively encouraged to engage in such "natural" behaviors despite potentially negative outcomes. White participants assumed the role of a career counselor and offered guidance to a Black or White student who excelled in a stereotypic domain (athletics). Male participants who personally endorsed positive racial stereotypes discouraged the Black student (but not the White student) from academic-related goals and behaviors. The implications of such diverging guidance on the perpetuation of intergroup differences in status and achievement are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying is lame when he got game: racial stereotypes and the discouragement of Black student-athletes from schoolwork

Czopp

2010

Soc Psychol Educ

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“…Consistent with social role theory, Bridges and Orza (1992) found that working mothers were viewed as less communal than stay-at-home mothers. Further, Bridges and colleagues found that working mothers were viewed as less communal than mothers who stopped working and mothers who took a short maternity leave following the birth of their child (Bridges and Orza 1993;Bridges and Etaugh 1995). Similarly, Mottarella et al (2009) found that mothers who chose to return to school immediately after the birth of a child were judged as less warm than mothers who chose to discontinue their schooling.…”

Section: Perceptions Of Working and Stay-at-home Parentsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Bridges and colleagues (Bridges and Etaugh 1995;Bridges and Orza 1993) investigated perceptions of mothers who immediately returned to work, took a 6-week leave and then returned to work, or did not return to work after the birth of a child. They found that mothers who took leave were rated as more communal than mothers who immediately returned to work but less communal than mothers who did not return to work.…”

Section: Family Leavementioning

confidence: 98%

Perceptions of Mothers and Fathers Who Take Temporary Work Leave

Coleman

Franiuk

2010

Sex Roles

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The current research investigates perceptions of parents who take temporary leave before returning to work after the birth of a child. This research adds to the current literature by experimentally assessing participants' views of fathers who take leave in addition to mothers who take leave. We used an undergraduate sample (N=167) from a small regional university in the Midwestern United States to assess participants' reactions to scenarios involving a mother or a father who went back to work immediately, took a 12-week leave, or stayed at home with the child indefinitely. The results showed that parents who took leave were rated more positively than stay-at-home parents and working parents. Parents who took leave were also rated as more competent than stay-at-home parents and more warm than working parents. Further, parents who took leave were expected to be less successful in their careers than working parents but more successful than parents who stayed at home. Participants had a more favorable overall impression of parents who took leave when that parent was of the same gender as themselves. Additionally, female participants were more favorable about mothers and fathers breaking traditional gender roles than were male participants. This research supports the idea that traditional views of mothers and fathers may be changing. Implications for work and government policies that are supportive of mothers and fathers taking family leave are discussed.

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“…Despite the negative effects that leaving the workforce can have on careers and subsequent salaries and advancement (Hewlett, 2007), people view women with young children as less communal and more selfish if they are employed compared with not employed (Bridges & Etaugh, 1995; see also Crosby, Williams, & Biernat, 2004). Therefore, employed mothers of young children may feel that they are not adequate mothers and opt to quit their jobs to have more time for their children, if their economic circumstances allow this choice.…”

Section: Employment and Domestic Equalitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Do Young Women Expect Gender Equality in Their Future Lives? An Answer From a Possible Selves Experiment

Fetterolf

Eagly²

2011

Sex Roles

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This study examined young women's expectations about gender equality in their future careers and marriages. The study implemented a possible selves method in which 114 undergraduate women from a Midwestern university in the United States were randomly assigned to envision themselves as married mothers employed either full-time, part-time, or not at all and possessing either an advanced degree or a bachelor's degree. Participants indicated their expectations for gender equality by estimating their own and their future husbands' expected salaries and hours per week of housework and employment. They also evaluated their possible selves and estimated their emotional well-being and likely attainment of several important life goals. Greater employment produced greater expected gender equality, although in all conditions participants expected to have lesser salary and more domestic work than their husbands. With employment, compared with no employment, and with an advanced degree, compared with a bachelor's degree, participants rated their possible selves more positively and estimated that they would have greater emotional well-being and attainment of life goals related to respect and finances. However, employment negatively affected participants' anticipated relationships with their children. Thus, our participants' reactions displayed a tradeoff between satisfying their employment goals and their goals for their relationship with their children.

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College students' perceptions of mothers: Effects of maternal employment-childrearing pattern and motive for employment

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Studying is lame when he got game: racial stereotypes and the discouragement of Black student-athletes from schoolwork

Studying is lame when he got game: racial stereotypes and the discouragement of Black student-athletes from schoolwork

Perceptions of Mothers and Fathers Who Take Temporary Work Leave

Do Young Women Expect Gender Equality in Their Future Lives? An Answer From a Possible Selves Experiment

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