Colletotrichum species as emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens: A report of 3 cases of phaeohyphomycosis and review

O'Quinn, Ryan; Hoffmann, Jennifer L.; Boyd, Alan S.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.113691

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…O' Quinn y cols. 23 , describieron tres casos de feohifomicosis subcutánea en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia por enfermedades hematológicas. Castro y cols.…”

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Feohifomicosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Alternaria infectoria en un paciente trasplantado renal

Ogawa¹,

Reis²,

Godoy³

et al. 2014

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria infectoria in renal transplant recipientSeveral species of black fungi have been reported as agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Although most of these fungi are considered opportunistic pathogens, they play an important role in phaeohyphomycosis, a disease considered an emergent mycosis among solid organ recipients. We report a case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Alternaria infectoria of the left hand and the 4 th finger of the right hand of a 68-year-old male who underwent a renal transplant 35 months before. The lesion was treated with surgical excision. One year later, the patient presented a new lesion on the 5 th finger of the right hand, but this time caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides that was also removed surgically. Both lesions did not relapse after being removed. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against five antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, itraconazole, flucytosine, fluconazole and voriconazole). Alternaria infectoria was resistant to all five drugs and C. gloeosporioides was sensitive only to amphotericin B and voriconazole. We emphasize the need of histopathologic and microbiologic studies of new lesions of phaeohyphomycosis, since in this case the same patient was infected twice by two different fungi.

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“…O' Quinn y cols. 23 , describieron tres casos de feohifomicosis subcutánea en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia por enfermedades hematológicas. Castro y cols.…”

unclassified

Feohifomicosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Alternaria infectoria en un paciente trasplantado renal

Ogawa¹,

Reis²,

Godoy³

et al. 2014

Rev. chil. infectol.

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“…Although Colletotrichum infections in humans are rare, a growing body of literature shows that Colletotrichum species, formerly known exclusively as plant pathogens, have gained attention as causal agents of human mycoses (2,3,8,9,19,22). Case reports indicated that several isolates of these pathogens exhibit resistance to single or multiple drugs (see, e.g., references 9 and 19), and it is tempting to speculate that drug resistance had been acquired in agricultural environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Azoles differing in structure but exhibiting the same mode of action are used to treat both fungal diseases of plants and medical mycoses. As keratitis caused by Colletotrichum infection occurs primarily after injury by plant material (8,9,19), it is tempting to speculate that azole-resistant strains isolated from human tissues may have developed in fungicidetreated fields (see the report on azole resistance published by the scientific steering committee of the European Commission [http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/ssc/out278_en.pdf]). As Colletotrichum species are exposed to azoles in agricultural environments and are of clinical relevance, these pathogens are well suited to investigate the acquisition of resistance to agricultural azoles and the resulting cross-resistance to antifungal agents of various different chemical classes and modes of action used in medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Treatment of a Clinically Relevant Plant-Pathogenic Fungus with an Agricultural Azole Causes Cross-Resistance to Medical Azoles and Potentiates Caspofungin Efficacy

Serfling

Wohlrab

Deising

2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Azoles are extensively applied in agriculture and medicine, and a relationship between the development of azole resistance in agriculture and the development of azole resistance in clinical practice may exist. The maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola, causing cutaneous mycosis and keratitis, has been used to investigate the acquisition of resistance to an agricultural azole and the resulting cross-resistance to various medical antifungal agents. Azole-adapted strains were less sensitive to all azoles tested but showed increased sensitivity to caspofungin, amphotericin B, and nystatin. Viability staining and infection assays with excised human skin confirmed these data.Five plant-pathogenic Colletotrichum species, including Colletotrichum graminicola, have been reported to cause cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and keratitis in humans and are of clinical relevance (2,8,9). Most Colletotrichum crassipes, C. gloeosporioides, C. coccodes, and C. dematium strains isolated from infected tissue displayed a major degree of resistance to all azoles tested (3).In modern agriculture, Colletotrichum species have been implicated in anthracnose plant diseases worldwide, with substantial economical losses (7). Among other antifungal agents, azoles have been used extensively to control Colletotrichum species (12). Azoles differing in structure but exhibiting the same mode of action are used to treat both fungal diseases of plants and medical mycoses. As keratitis caused by Colletotrichum infection occurs primarily after injury by plant material (8,9,19), it is tempting to speculate that azole-resistant strains isolated from human tissues may have developed in fungicidetreated fields (see the report on azole resistance published by the scientific steering committee of the European Commission [http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/ssc/out278_en.pdf]). As Colletotrichum species are exposed to azoles in agricultural environments and are of clinical relevance, these pathogens are well suited to investigate the acquisition of resistance to agricultural azoles and the resulting cross-resistance to antifungal agents of various different chemical classes and modes of action used in medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODSCultivation of C. graminicola and adaptation to tebuconazole. Wild-type C. graminicola isolate CgM2 was cultivated as described previously (24).To adapt C. graminicola to tebuconazole, 1 ϫ 10 6 conidia were inoculated into 50 ml complete medium (CM) (15) and incubated in darkness at 23°C for 7 days. Cultures were then transferred into fresh liquid CM with increasing tebuconazole concentrations (1 g ml Ϫ1 for 24 h, 5 g ml Ϫ1 for 96 h, and 20 g ml Ϫ1 for 1 h). The mycelium was blended (Ultra Turrax; IKA Labortechnik, Staufen, Germany) at level 5 for 30 s, further cultivated on solidified CM containing 5 g tebuconazole ml Ϫ1 and 8 g tebuconazole ml Ϫ1 for 4 weeks each, and maintained on CM plates containing 30 g tebuconazole ml Ϫ1 . Quantitative determination of drug sensitivity. Radial growth rates of nonadapted and matched, adapted isol...

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“…However, azole resistance may not only be discussed in the context of "classical" human pathogenic fungi such as A. fumigatus, Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans; in recent years several cases of infection of humans by plant pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternata or F. oxysporum have been reported (15,37,43). In addition, five Colletotrichum species have been classified as clinically relevant, as they have been reported to infect humans (6,7,19,36,49). All of these pathogens are likely to get in contact with fungicides, and especially with azole fungicides, in agricultural environments.…”

Section: Is Fungicide Resistance In Clinical Environments Related To mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case reports of Colletotrichum infections of man have been published, and in some cases fungicide resistance of individual isolates have been determined (e.g. 19,36). Garro et al (19) analyzed isolates of C. dematium, C. coccodes, and C. gloeosporioides from diverse sources for their susceptibility to antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) which belong to different chemical classes and differ in their modes of action.…”

Section: Is Fungicide Resistance In Clinical Environments Related To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and significance of fungicide resistance

Deising¹,

Reimann²,

Pascholati³

2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

191

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In this review article, we show that occurrence of fungicide resistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Fungicide resistance may be due to mutations of genes encoding fungicide targets (qualitative fungicide resistance) or to different mechanisms that are induced by sub-lethal fungicide stress. These mechanisms result in different and varying levels of resistance (quantitative fungicide resistance). We discuss whether or not extensive use of fungicides in agricultural environments is related to the occurrence of fungicide resistance in clinical environments. Furthermore, we provide recommendations of how development of fungicide resistant pathogen populations may be prevented or delayed.

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Colletotrichum species as emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens: A report of 3 cases of phaeohyphomycosis and review

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Feohifomicosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Alternaria infectoria en un paciente trasplantado renal

Feohifomicosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Alternaria infectoria en un paciente trasplantado renal

Treatment of a Clinically Relevant Plant-Pathogenic Fungus with an Agricultural Azole Causes Cross-Resistance to Medical Azoles and Potentiates Caspofungin Efficacy

Mechanisms and significance of fungicide resistance

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