Collision avoidance behaviours when circumventing people of different sizes in various positions and locations

Bourgaize, Sheryl; McFadyen, Bradford J.; Cinelli, Michael E.

doi:10.1080/00222895.2020.1742083

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Also, the average speed to the obstacle decreased when the avoidance margin was small (Conditions 6, 7, and 8). The results of the study are in line with those of a recent study 5 , which found that individuals slow down their walking speed when they are 2 m from the obstacle. Therefore, our findings indicate that individuals plan ahead to maintain an avoidance margin between themselves and obstacles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Other studies have demonstrated the importance of an avoidance margin which has been defined as the distance between the participant’s body and the edge of the obstacle during obstacle avoidance. These studies have demonstrated that participants will maintain an avoidance margin between themselves and the obstacle, and that this distance depends on the characteristics of the obstacle 5 – 16 . Previous path planning models have described the effects of deviation angle and/or minimum distance from an obstacle on path planning 1 , 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Target position and avoidance margin effects on path planning in obstacle avoidance

Saeedpour-Parizi

Hassan

Azad

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study examined how people choose their path to a target, and the visual information they use for path planning. Participants avoided stepping outside an avoidance margin between a stationary obstacle and the edge of a walkway as they walked to a bookcase and picked up a target from different locations on a shelf. We provided an integrated explanation for path selection by combining avoidance margin, deviation angle, and distance to the obstacle. We found that the combination of right and left avoidance margins accounted for 26%, deviation angle accounted for 39%, and distance to the obstacle accounted for 35% of the variability in decisions about the direction taken to circumvent an obstacle on the way to a target. Gaze analysis findings showed that participants directed their gaze to minimize the uncertainty involved in successful task performance and that gaze sequence changed with obstacle location. In some cases, participants chose to circumvent the obstacle on a side for which the gaze time was shorter, and the path was longer than for the opposite side. Our results of a path selection judgment test showed that the threshold for participants abandoning their preferred side for circumventing the obstacle was a target location of 15 cm to the left of the bookcase shelf center.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target position and avoidance margin effects on path planning in obstacle avoidance

Saeedpour-Parizi

Hassan

Azad

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…In the current experiment, when the approaching VRP wore a facial mask, this onset distance was increased by approximately 0.18m. This change in onset distance is, in our perspective, meaningful, as unlike other obstacle clearance metrics such as minimum distance and maximum deviation, onset distance is a fairly stable measure that was shown to remain constant despite manipulations of characteristics of the interferer, such as gender, size, body orientation, and pattern of limb movements 7,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…These factors have been shown to result in slower walking speeds, larger safety margins, and increased risk of collision during obstacle circumvention 5,6 . Additional avoidance behaviour modulations have been observed during interactions with pedestrians of different sizes 7 and pedestrians as opposed to a robot 8 . Finally, studies have shown that avoidance strategies differ depending on situational factors such as the direction of obstacle approach [9][10][11] and whether one assumes a passive or active role during the interaction 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stay Out of the Blast Radius: Influence of Surgical Masks on Virtual Pedestrian Interactions

Bühler¹,

Lynch²,

Bhojwani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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To combat the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, a series of mitigation strategies have been proposed by governments around the world. While responses varied across different governing bodies, recommendations such as social distancing and the use of facial masks were nearly universal. Considering that even with restrictions in place, walking in community environments remained an important component of everyday life, these public health recommendations, as well as the anxiety generated by the pandemic, are likely to have influenced pedestrian interactions. In this study, we have examined the effect of facial masks and anxiety related to community ambulation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using virtual reality, obstacle circumvention strategies in response to approaching pedestrians with and without facial masks were measured in a sample of 11 healthy young individuals. Additionally, a questionnaire was developed and used to gain insights into the participant's behaviours during and after a strict period of restrictions that were in effect before the summer of 2020. Results showed that participants maintained a larger obstacle clearance when virtual pedestrians wore a facial mask. The extent of obstacle clearance was also positively associated with anxiety towards community ambulation in the context of the pandemic. Our findings provide evidence that mask-wearing results in an increase in physical distancing during pedestrian interactions, which may help to reduce the risk of infection. Furthermore, results demonstrate the effects of social context and psychological status on pedestrian interactions and highlight the potential of virtual reality simulations to study locomotion in natural community settings.

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“…Using pairwise situations, authors previously showed that pedestrians adapt their motion only if there is a future risk of collision [35]. Authors considered the effect of situational factors such as crossing angle [24], [25], crossing order [34] or orientation [8] as well as personal factors such as gender and personality [25] or body size [8] on motion adaptations. While these previous studies have considered the kinematics of the adaptions, other works were interested in the gaze activity, showing that it can predict future crossing order [17] and that gaze behaviour is task-dependent [22].…”

Section: Pedestrian Interaction Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd Navigation in VR: Exploring Haptic Rendering of Collisions

Berton

Grzeskowiak

Bonneau

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. Our objective is to understand whether and to what extent providing haptic rendering of collisions during navigation through a virtual crowd (right) makes users behave more realistically. Whenever a collision occurs (center), armbands worn on the arms locally vibrate to render this contact (left). We carried out an experiment with 23 participants, testing both subjective and objective metrics regarding the users' path planning, body motion, kinetic energy, presence, and embodiment.

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Collision avoidance behaviours when circumventing people of different sizes in various positions and locations

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Target position and avoidance margin effects on path planning in obstacle avoidance

Target position and avoidance margin effects on path planning in obstacle avoidance

Stay Out of the Blast Radius: Influence of Surgical Masks on Virtual Pedestrian Interactions

Crowd Navigation in VR: Exploring Haptic Rendering of Collisions

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