Collision-induced rifting: The Grenville Orogeny and the Keweenawan Rift of North America

Gordon, Mark B.; Hempton, Mark R.

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(86)90076-4

Cited by 74 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Sengör et al (1978) defined these intraplate rift basins, induced by collisional processes, as impactogenes. This peculiar rifting mechanism has been identified in active systems as well as in ancient basins around the world (Molnar and Tapponier, 1975, Sengör, 1976, Burke et al, 1985, Burke and Lytwyn, 1993, Gordon and Hempton, 1986, Visser and Praekelt, 1998, Liu et al, 2013. Even though, orogenic-induced foreland rifting has been mainly associated with continent-continent collisions, where horizontal stresses are particularly strong, little attention has been paid to similar processes on Andean-type margins.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Synorogenic foreland rifts and transtensional basins: A review of Andean imprints on the evolution of the San Jorge Gulf, Salta Group and Taubaté Basins

Gianni

Navarrete

Folguera

2015

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sengör, 1976, Burke et al, 1985, Gordon and Hempton, 1986, Ziegler and Van Hoorn, 1989, Burke and Lytwyn, 1993, Visser and Praekelt, 1998, Liu et al, 2013.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synorogenic foreland rifts and transtensional basins: A review of Andean imprints on the evolution of the San Jorge Gulf, Salta Group and Taubaté Basins

Gianni

Navarrete

Folguera

2015

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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“…In contrast to the predominantly felsic anorogenic magmatism described above, which preceded the Grenvillian Orogeny, the 1100 Ma Keweenawan magmatism was dorninantly tholeiitic to alkaline; it was associated with major rifting of the continental foreland (the Midcontinent Rift System), and this was considered as having been induced by collision tectonics during the Grenvillian Orogeny (Gordon and Hempton 1986). Previous suggestions that the Keweenawan developed in a failed rift -aulacogen or is comparable to the East African Rift System (Van Schmus and Hinze 1985) are unlikely because it formed contemporaneously with the Grenvillian Orogeny, not prior to it as required by an aulacogen model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…1100 Ma) is contemporaneous with the terminal Grenvillian Ottawan Orogeny (1 120-1030 Ma). The most likely possibility is that there is a causal relationship between these compressional and extensional events (Gordon and Hempton 1986). Similarly, the contemporaneous Abitibi dykes are everywhere normal to the direction of minimum Grenvillian compression (Ranalli and Emst 1986), and this suggests that the dykes were emplaced in response to a stress field related to the terminal Grenvillian orogenesis (Emst et al 1987).…”

Section: A Model For Pre-grenvillian Extension Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Anorogenic magmatism and the Grenvillian Orogeny

Windley¹

1989

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The Grenvillian Orogeny was preceded by extensive anorogenic volcanism and plutonism in the period 1500–1300 Ma in the form of rhyolites, epizonal granites, anorthosites, gabbros, alkaline complexes, and basic dykes. An analogue for the mid-Proterozoic anorogenic complexes is provided by the 2000 km by 200 km belt of anorogenic complexes in the Hoggar, Niger, and Nigeria, which contain anorthosites, gabbros, and peralkaline granites and were generated in a Cambrian to Jurassic rift that farther south led to the formation of the South Atlantic. An analogue for the 1 × 106 km2 area of 1500–1350 Ma rhyolites (and associated epizonal granites) that underlie the mid-continental United States is provided by the 1.7 × 106 km2 area of Jurassic Tobifera rhyolites in Argentina, which were extruded on the stretched continental margin of South America immediately preceding the opening of the South Atlantic. The mid-Proterozoic complexes were intruded close to the continental margin of the Grenvillian ocean and were commonly superimposed by the craton-directed thrusts that characterized the final stages of the Grenvillian Orogeny. The bulk of the Keweenawan rift and associated anorogenic magmatism formed about 1100 Ma at the same time as the Ottawan Orogeny in Ontario, which probably resulted from the collision of the island arc of the Central Metasedimentary Belt attached to the continental block in the east with the continental block to the west. The most appropriate modern equivalent would be the Rhine Graben, which formed at the same time as the main Alpine compression.

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“…In the Wisconsin area, the Oronto Group is overlain by the Bayfield Group, a fine-grained clastic sequence formed in a local basin in the waning stages of the Mid-Continent Rift. The rift is thought to have been caused by the Grenville Orogeny (Gordon and Hempton, 1986) or by a mantle plume (Hutchinson et aL, 1990; N i c h o l s o n and Shirey, 1990) that was active from 1180 to 1086 Ma based on Pb isotope dates (Davis and Sutcliffe, 1985;Davis and Paces, 1990;Palmer and Davis, 1987). The sediments of the Oronto Group represent a rift-filling sequence occurring after 1094 Ma, following a period of intense volcanic/plutonic activity (1098-1094 Ma).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Retrograde Diagenesis” of Clay Minerals in the Precambrian Freda Sandstone, Wisconsin

Zhao

Peacor

McDowell

1999

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Siltstones from the Precambrian Freda Formation in Wisconsin have been studied by scanning, scanning-transmission and analytical electron microscopy (SEM, STEM and AEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD data for drill core samples show a change from smectite-rich Illite-Smectite (I-S) in shallow samples to illite in deeper samples, implying a transition during burial diagenesis.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of shallow samples reveal the presence of three clearly distinguishable kinds of dioctahedral clay minerals: (1) detrital grains of micrometer-sized, mature muscovite; (2) small packets in the matrix consisting of dominant (Reichweite) R1 I-S or (3) small packets of illite. The illite and I-S stacks occur separately and have similar textures, with packet thicknesses averaging --400 A, within the range of anchizonal illite. Illite and detrital muscovite commonly display strain features typical of the effects of tectonic stress. Void space within I-S or iilite packets is inferred to be a strain feature, and to have served as pathways for fluids. Detrital muscovite shows abundant alteration features including (001) boundaries which are continuous with parallel packets of I-S; individual layers commonly show along-layer transitions of muscovite to smectite or I-S. Trioctahedral clays consist primarily of detrital chlorite which commonly shows direct alteration to R1 I-S and smectite, as with detrital muscovite.Deep samples contain only unaltered, coarse detrital muscovite, and thin packets of illite forming stacks and comprising most of the matrix. The texture of the illite appears to be identical to that of shallow samples, with characteristics such as packet size typical of anchizonal illite. Trioctahedral clays consist almost entirely of detrital grains of chlorite and corrensite. They occur as separate grains with rather constant composition, without signs of alteration.The data imply that all of the studied rocks have been subjected to a uniform anchizonal grade of metamorphism in which detrital grains were largely unchanged but matrix clays were transformed to packets of illite. The unusually abrupt transition with depth from highly expandable I-S to illite is inferred to actually be the result of subsequent alteration of authigenic illite and detrital chlorite and muscovite to R1 I-S and smectite in shallow rocks. This late overprinting of the anchimetamorphic clay mineral assemblage is inferred to have been locally caused by fluids with temperatures less than those of peak metamorphism. This process, called "retrograde diagenesis", gave rise to a sequence of dioctahedral I-S and illite which mimics classic prograde sequences. Interpretations of such sequences as being prograde, especially in cases of ancient rocks, should be interpreted with caution when high-resolution images of textures are not available.

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Collision-induced rifting: The Grenville Orogeny and the Keweenawan Rift of North America

Cited by 74 publications

References 56 publications

Synorogenic foreland rifts and transtensional basins: A review of Andean imprints on the evolution of the San Jorge Gulf, Salta Group and Taubaté Basins

Synorogenic foreland rifts and transtensional basins: A review of Andean imprints on the evolution of the San Jorge Gulf, Salta Group and Taubaté Basins

Anorogenic magmatism and the Grenvillian Orogeny

“Retrograde Diagenesis” of Clay Minerals in the Precambrian Freda Sandstone, Wisconsin

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