Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake and Pedestrian Detection - a practical example of Automatic Emergency Braking

Coelingh, Erik; Eidehall, Andreas; Bengtsson, Mattias

doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5625077

Cited by 186 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Active safety system modeling Most of the systems found on the market use both a camera vision mounted beside the rear view mirror and radar located in the front end of the vehicle behind the grille (Coelingh et al, 2010;Hayashi et al, 2013;Meinecke et al, 2005;Scheunert et al, 2004). Data flows from the on-board sensors are merged during the vision processing.…”

Section: Accident Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents

Hamdane

Serre²,

Masson

et al. 2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents 2Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze real crashes involving pedestrians in order to evaluate the potential effectiveness of Autonomous Emergency Braking systems (AEB) in pedestrian protection. A sample of 100 real accident cases were reconstructed providing a comprehensive set of data describing the interaction between the vehicle, the environment and the pedestrian all along the scenario of the accident. A generic AEB system based on a camera sensor for pedestrian detection was modeled in order to identify the functionality of its different attributes in the timeline of each crash scenario. These attributes were assessed to determine their impact on pedestrian safety. The influence of the detection and the activation of the AEB system were explored by varying the Field Of View (FOV) of the sensor and the level of deceleration. A FOV of 35° was estimated to be required to detect and react to the majority of crash scenarios. For the reaction of a system (from hazard detection to triggering the brakes), between 0,5 and 1s appears necessary.

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Section: Accident Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents

Hamdane

Serre²,

Masson

et al. 2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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show abstract

“…where u m is as in Definition 5 and u m as in (4). Then for all x ∈ W(P ) we have that Pr(φ π (t, x, d) / ∈ B, ∀t ∈ [0, τ end ]) ≥ P , where φ π denotes the flow of the closed-loop system corresponding to Σ * and π.…”

Section: Illustration On the Application Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to these startling statistics, the problem of preventing or mitigating collisions near intersections (signaled or not) has become a priority for the Department of Transportation (DOT) [29]. A number of automotive companies have already released automated braking systems that, based on on-board sensors, warn the driver and reduce the vehicle's speed when the vehicle approaches an obstacle [3], [4], [31]. Using the ego-vehicle dynamics and relative distance and speed to the obstacle, currently available automated braking systems can compute the least conservative braking timing for collision avoidance in scenarios where the obstacle's speed remains constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Driver-Assist Systems Under Probabilistic Safety Specifications Near Stop Signs

Forghani

McNew

Hoehener

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract-In this paper, we consider the problem of designing in-vehicle driver-assist systems that warn or override the driver to prevent collisions with a guaranteed probability. The probabilistic nature of the problem naturally arises from many sources of uncertainty, among which the behavior of the surrounding vehicles and the response of the driver to on-board warnings. We formulate this problem as a control problem for uncertain systems under probabilistic safety specifications and leverage the structure of the application domain to reach computationally efficient implementations. Simulations using a naturalistic data set show that the empirical probability of safety is always within 5% of the theoretical value in the case of direct driver override, validating our models and algorithm. In the case of on-board warnings, the empirical value is more conservative due primarily to driver's decelerating more strongly than requested. But in all cases, the empirical value is greater than or equal to the theoretical value, demonstrating a clear safety benefit.Note to Practitioners: Abstract-Statistics show that a large percentage of vehicle crash fatalities and injuries happen in the proximity of intersections and stop signs. Many automotive companies have already released automated braking systems that warn drivers and reduce speed when approaching an obstacle. A major problem with the design of such driver-assist systems is to guarantee the absence of collisions even in the presence of uncertainty. In this work we present an approach using a probabilistic model for human driving behavior. The advantage of a probabilistic model is that it allows to distinguish between possible and probable scenarios. In particular, for any desired safety level P , our method guarantees safety as long as surrounding vehicles do not use behaviors from the 1 − P probability tail of their behavior distribution. Leveraging the monotone structure of the system we obtain an efficient algorithm that can compute warnings and overrides online. Moreover, simulations on a naturalistic data set show that the resulting override is considerably less conservative than one obtained when driver behavior is modeled through bounded uncertainty. There are a number of simplifying assumption made in this work, which limit the application mainly to prevention of rear-end collisions. We plan to generalize the method in order to be able to cover more general collision scenarios.

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“…[20] [21] [22] [23] et. al proposed the V2V communication by implementing the Collision Warning Systems (CWS) which are radar, camera and radio based.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low cost approach to real-time vehicle to vehicle communication using parallel CPU and GPU processing

Chieh¹,

Isa²

2012

IJACSA

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Abstract-This paper proposes a novel Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication system for collision avoidance which merges four different wireless devices (GPS, Wi-Fi, ZigBee® and 3G) with a low power embedded Single Board Computer (SBC) in order to increase processing speed while maintaining a low cost. The three major technical challenges with such combinations are the limited system bandwidth, high memory requirement and slow response time during data processing when accessing various collision avoidance situations. Collision avoidance data processing includes processing data for vehicles on express ways, roads, tunnels, traffic jams and indoor V2V communication such as required in car parks. Effective methods are proposed to address these technical challenges through parallel Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) processing. With this, parallel V2V trilateration and parallel bandwidth optimization, multi-dimensional real time complex V2V data streaming can be attained in less than a second. The test results have shown that there is at least a 4 to 10 times improvement on processing speed with parallel CPU and GPU processing used in V2V communication depending on different road safety conditions.

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Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake and Pedestrian Detection - a practical example of Automatic Emergency Braking

Cited by 186 publications

References 5 publications

Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents

Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents

Design of Driver-Assist Systems Under Probabilistic Safety Specifications Near Stop Signs

Low cost approach to real-time vehicle to vehicle communication using parallel CPU and GPU processing

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